Ch 1 Intro to Study of Memory Flashcards
Empirical Evidence
The Science of Memory 3
The product of scientific research. In order to be empirical evidence, it must be verifiable;
that is, another scientist should be able to get the same results if he or she does the same or similar experiment.
Nonsense Syllables
Hermann Ebbinghaus 6
Meaningless phrases that can be given to participants to study that avoid the effect of meaning on memory
Retention Interval
Hermann Ebbinghaus 7
The amount of time that transpires between the learning of an event or material and when recall for that event or material occurs.
Savings Score
Hermann Ebbinghaus 7
The reduction in time required to relearn a previously mastered list
Overlearning
Herman Ebbinghaus 7
Studying after material has been thoroughly learned
Spacing Effect
Herman Ebbinghaus 8
More learning occurs when two study trials on the same information are spread out over time when they occur successively.
Massed Practice
Herman Ebbinghaus 8
When all study occurs in one block of time.
Distributive Practice
Herman Ebbinghaus 8
Space your study out over time.
Paired-associate Learning
Mary Calkins 9
Learning the associaten between two items, such as in language learning (ex: learning the association between monkey - le singe
Recency Effect
Mary Calkins 9
The observation that memory is usually superior for tiems at the end of a serial position curve;
thought to be caused by the maintenance of those items in working memory.
Behaviorism
10
A school of psychology that focused on only the relation of environmental inputs and the observable behavior of organisms, including human beings.
Classical Conditioning
10
A situation in which a relation exists between a stimulus (ringing bell) and an outcome (getting food);
the organism demonstrates behavior or response (salivating) that shows that the organism has learned the association between the stimulus and the outcome.
Operant Conditioning
10
Organisms learn to emit responses or behaviors (pressing a bar), in response to a stimulus, to achieve desirable outcomes (getting food) or avoiding undesirable outcomes (getting electric shock).
Cognitive Psychology
12
An approach to psychology that emphasizes hidden mental processes.
Cognitive Neuroscience
13
The study of the role of the brain in producing cognition.
