Ch 2 Memory and the Brain

Question 1

What is the brain?

Answer 1

It is a biological organ that is used for thinking, memory, reasoning and language.

Question 2

Engram

Answer 2

Memory stored in a physical unit

Question 3

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 3

Memory loss common in older adults.

Question 4

TBI

Answer 4

Traumatic brain injuries

Question 5

Traumatic brain injuries

Answer 5

Injuries that result in brain damage

Question 6

Clinical neuropsychology

Answer 6

the treatment of patients with brain damage

Question 7

Neurons

Answer 7

Biological cells that aid in the transmission and storage of information

Question 8

Dendrite (hundreds)

Answer 8

Receives information from other neurons

Question 9

Axons(one)

Answer 9

Sends information to other neurons

Question 10

Action potential

Answer 10

The transmission within an axon which is an electrochemical process.

Question 11

Synapse

Answer 11

The gap between neurons

Question 12

Terminal buttons

Answer 12

The end of the axon where neurotransmitters are housed

Question 13

Neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Proteins produced by the nervous system.

Chemicals that are released across the synapse to cause an electrical flow to another neuron

Question 14

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 14

a disease caused by loss of the myelin sheath along the axon

Question 15

Substantia nigra

Answer 15

The part of the brain that produces dopamine. Parkinson’s diseases shows a deficit in dopamine.

Question 16

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 16

The part of the frontal lobe that is associated with memory and higher emotion.

Question 17

Long-term Potentiation

Answer 17

Less neurotransmitters are needed to produce a signal to the dendrite in the other neuron.

Question 18

What is the process of neurons transmitting information?

Answer 18

AND

Axon - Neurotransmitters - Dendrites

Question 19

In regards to left to right direction, how is the brain divided?

Answer 19

Into the right and left hemispheres.

Question 20

What is the left hemisphere responsible for?

Answer 20

For the interaction of language and memory

Question 21

What is the right hemisphere responsible for?

Answer 21

For spatial cognition/our understanding of the space around us
Music

Question 22

In regards to top-to-bottom direction, how is the brain divided?

Answer 22

It is divided into two structures. The cortical and the subcortical.

Question 23

Where is the subcortical structure of the brain located?

Answer 23

On the surface of the brain

Question 24

Where is the subcortical structure located?

Answer 24

The surface below the brain.

Question 25

The subcortical structure is responsible for what life functions?

Answer 25

Regulation of heartbeat, breathing, hunger, thirst, sleep and movement. Memory and emotion.

Question 26

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 26

The thin top layer of the brain

Question 27

What are the processes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 27

Language, memory, complex emotion, creativity, problem solving and music.

Question 28

Hippocampus

Answer 28

An area of the brain associated with learning and memory

Question 29

What type of learning is it responsible for?

Answer 29

Acquiring new information

Question 30

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 30

Memory loss that results from damage to the hippocampus

Question 31

Left hippocampus

Answer 31

Responsible for verbal memory

Question 32

Right hippocampus

Answer 32

For the spatial world around us and direction within the world

Question 33

Damage to the left hippocampus

Answer 33

Affects memory in stories and words

Question 34

Damage to the right hippocampus

Answer 34

Affects memory for direction and pictures

Question 35

Amnesia

Answer 35

Memory loss due to brain damage

Question 36

Limbic System

Answer 36

A triune of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala located beneath the cerebral cortex

Question 37

What is the function of the limbic system?

Answer 37

It is responsible for memory and emotion.

Question 38

Amygdala

Answer 38

A part of the limbic system that plays a role in memory, emotional learning and fear.

Question 39

How does the amygdala connect to the other parts of the triune?

Answer 39

Connects features of memory with aspects of emotion With the hippocampus in regards to memory and with the hypothalamus in regards to basic emotions.

Question 40

Hypothalamus

Answer 40

Area of the brain associated with basic emotions

Question 41

Diencephalon

Answer 41

The part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Question 42

Thalamus

Answer 42

It the routing center of the brain that connects different parts of the brain.

Question 43

What is the thalamus used for?

Answer 43

Transmission of information from our sensory organs like our eyes and ears to the cortical structure that are responsible for sensation.

Question 44

Korsakoff's Disease

Answer 44

Results from damage to the diencephalon.

Question 45

What type of deficits occurs in Korsakoff's Disease/

Answer 45

Loss in new learning, retrieving old information, an impairs the distinction between true and false memories.

Question 46

What function does the diencephalon serve?

Answer 46

As a relay point within the network of the human memory.

Question 47

What does the diencephalon connect within the brain?

Answer 47

The medial temporal lobes and the hippocampus with the prefrontal lobes.

Question 48

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 48

FPOT | Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

Question 49

Frontal lobe

Answer 49

The front part of the cerebral cortex responsible for higher emotion, decision making, metacognition and memory.

Question 50

Parietal lobe

Answer 50

Associated with attention and somatosensory

Question 51

Occipital lobe

Answer 51

Associated with vision

Question 52

Temporal lobe

Answer 52

Associated with audition, language and memory.