CH 1 Science of nutrition Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds in chemistry?
Organic compounds contain hydrogen bonded to carbon while inorganic compounds do not
Which nutrients are considered organic chemical compounds?
carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, protein
Which are inorganic compounds?
minerals/ not related to farming practices
Which nutrients are macronutrients?
lipids, protein, carbohydrates
Which nutrients are micronutrients?
vitamins and minerals
Which nutrients provide energy?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
What are the 3 parts of being an essential nutrient?
Nutrients that have specific biological functions, if removed from diet can cause decline in body function, can restore function if incorporated into diet
What characteristic(s) do the macronutrients share?
provide energy, are required in large quantities, are essential for bodily functions, and play crucial roles in growth, repair, and metabolism
What characteristic(s) do the micronutrients share?
required in small amounts, supporting physiological functions, not providing energy, vital for growth, development, and maintaining proper body functions, but they do not supply calories
Define calorie
The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of water to 1 degree Celsius
What are phytochemicals?
plant compounds that provide health benefits
What are zoochemical
animal compounds that provide health benefits
What is the difference between calorie vs. Calorie vs. kilocalorie (kcal)?
calorie : the amount of energy to raise 1 gram of water by 1°C.
Calorie : 1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 1,000 small calories
Kilocalorie (kcal): 1,000 calories (small “c”)
How does a bomb calorimeter work?
y burning a small sample of the substance in a controlled environment and measuring the heat released during the process, q=mcΔT
How to calculate total calories of a food given the grams of each energy-yielding macronutrient?
TotalCalories=(fat in g ×9)+(carbohydrates in g ×4)+(protein in g ×4)+(alcohol in g ×7)
How many kcal per gram is: fat? carbohydrates? protein? alcohol?
fat: 9 kcal/g
carbohydrates: 4 kcal/g
proteins: 4 kcal/g
alcohol: 7kcal/g
How to calculate total calories of a food given the grams of each energy-yielding macronutrient?
What are the ABCDEs of nutritional assessment? Give examples from each category.
A/Anthropometric: weight, height, body mass index (BMI)
B/Biochemical: biological samples (blood, urine, or tissues)
C/Clinical: physical examination (Skin changes,
Hair loss, Glossitis, Wounds or slow healing)
D/Dietary: eating habits, nutrient intake, and food preferences (food diaries, 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires)
E/Environmental: living conditions, socioeconomic factors, and other external influences
How do you determine if the claim is evidence-based?
consistent, large sample size, cited sources, credentials
