Ch 1 Test Flashcards

(31 cards)

0
Q

The settings influenced by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors, in which development occurs

A

Context

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1
Q

The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span

A

Development

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2
Q

The behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation

A

Culture

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3
Q

Comparisons of one culture with one or more other cultures

A

Cross-cultural studies

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4
Q

What are the 3 processes

A

Biological-changes in an individual’s body

Cognitive-changes in an individuals thought,intelligence, and language

Socioemotional -changes in an individual’s relationship with other people, changes in emotion, changes in personality

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5
Q

Time from conception to birth

A

Prenatal period

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6
Q

The development peridod that extends from birth to 18-24 months of age

A

Infancy

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7
Q

The developmental period that extends from the end of infancy to about 5-6 years of age

A

Early childhood

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8
Q

The developmental period of transition from childhood to early adulthood, entered at approx. 10-12 years of age and ending at 18-22

A

Adolescence

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9
Q

The developmental period that extends from about 6-11 years

A

Middle and late childhood

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10
Q

Effects due to a person’s time of birth, era, or generation but not to actual age

A

Cohort effects

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11
Q

The generation born after 1980 that is the first to come of age and enter emerging adulthood in the millennium

A

Millenials

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12
Q

The issues regarding whether developmental is primary influenced by _____ or _______.

A

Nature or nurture

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13
Q

The issues regarding whether developmental involves gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages.

A

Continuity and discontinuity

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14
Q

The issue to the degree to which early experiences or later experiences are the key determination of the child’ s development

A

Early and later experiences

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15
Q

Freud’s 5 stages

A
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency 
Gential
16
Q

Describe developmental as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion

A

Psychoanalytical

17
Q

A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development

A

Vgotsky’s theory

18
Q

Emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategies about it

A

Information processing theory

19
Q

A neutral stimulus acquires by the ability to produce a response originally produced by another stimulus

A

Pavlov’s classical conditioning

20
Q

The consequences of a behavior produce change in the probability of the behaviors occurrences

A

Skinner’s operant conditioning

21
Q

Stresses that behavior in strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods

22
Q

A controlled setting in which many of the complex factors of the real work are removed

23
Q

Observing behavior in real world settings

A

Naturalistic observation

24
A research design that has the purpose of observing and recording behavior
Descriptive research
25
A research design whose goal is to describe the strength if the relationship between two or more events or characteristics
Correlation research
26
A number based on statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables
Correlation coefficient
27
A research strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time
Cross-sectional approach
28
A research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time usually several years or more
Longitudinal approach
29
Use of ethnic label portraying ethnic groups as more homogenous than they really are
Ethnic gloss
30
Erikson's stages
``` Integrity versus despair-60s on generativity versus stagnation-40-50 intimacy versus isolation 20-30 identity versus identity confusion 10-20 industry versus inferiority 6 yrs to puberty Initiative versus guilt- preschool 3-5 Autonomy versus shame and doubt 1-3 trust versus mistrust 1st year ```