Ch 10

Question 1

Somatosensory pathways= 3 neuron pathways. What are they?

Answer 1

Sensory receptors->spinal cord

Spinal cord->brainstem

Brainstem -> thalamus

Thalamus->cerebral cortex

Question 2

Sensory info from musculoskeletal sys is called

Answer 2

Proprioception and nociception

Question 3

T/F: proprioception provides info about stretch of musc, tension in tendons and deep vibrations

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Where are sensory neurons located?

Answer 4

Distal ends of peripheral neurons

Question 5

What are the somatosensory receptors

Answer 5

Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors

Question 6

T/F: mechanoreceptors respond to substances released by cells

Answer 6

F: Chemoreceptors
(mech respond to mechanical deformation of receptor by touch, pressure, stretch or vibration

Question 7

What somatosensory receptor responds to heating/cooling?

Answer 7

Thermoreceptors

Question 8

What do nociceptors interpret

Answer 8

Pain

Question 9

Tonic receptors ___ the entire time stim= present

Phasic receptors ___while stim= present

Answer 9

Responds

Stop responding

Question 10

Somatosensory 1st order are located ___ and are ___ and have 2 axons

Answer 10

Outside the spinal cord in dorsal root ganglia

Pseudounipolar

Question 11

What is a receptive field?

Answer 11

Area of skin innervated by single afferent neuron

Larger proximally and smaller distally

Question 12

T/F: nociception includes vibrations, skin stretch and skin pressure

Answer 12

F: Subsensations (light touch)

Question 13

Free nerve endings respond to __ touch

Answer 13

Coarse (nociception and temp)

Question 14

Touch info= ___ and ___

Answer 14

Light touch
Coarse touch (tickle, itch)

Question 15

Nociceptros respond to stim that

Answer 15

Damage/threaten tissue

Question 16

T/F: thermal receptors respond to warmth/cold w/in temp that damages tissue

Answer 16

F: temp that doesn’t damage tissues

Question 17

Dermatomes= used to diagnose radiculopathy. What is radiculopathy?

Answer 17

Lesion affecting a single nerve root

Question 18

If a lesion involves peripheral n, sensory impairment =___

Answer 18

In the distribution of peripheral n

Question 19

If a lesion involves spinal nerve root, sensory impairment= ___

Answer 19

In distribution of dermatome

Question 20

The sensory organ in a musc is called ___, and consists of musc fibers, sensory endings and motor endings?

Answer 20

Musc spindle

Question 21

The sensory endings of musc spindle respond to

Answer 21

Stretch (change in musc length and vel of length change)

Question 22

Central region of musc spindle = __ for sensory endings to detect musc strength

Answer 22

Taut

Question 23

Intra vs extrafusal fibers

Answer 23

In= musc fibers in spindle

Ex= musc fibers outside spindle

Question 24

T/F: when you stretch musc, extrafusal fibers stretch

Answer 24

F: intrafusal

Question 25

T/F: intramural fibers= contractile @ end while central region cannot contract

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Types of intramural fibers: Nuclear bag fibers = ___ Nuclear chain fibers = ___

Answer 26

Clump nuclei in central region Nuclei arranged single file

Question 27

For spindles to monitor musc length and rate of change in length, what 2 sensory endings are required?

Answer 27

Primary and secondary endings

Question 28

T/F: primary endings= type Ia afferent, secondary endings= type afferents

Answer 28

T

Question 29

T/F: primary endings wrap around central region

Answer 29

T

Question 30

T/F: tonic discharge is max during quick and fades quickly

Answer 30

F: phasic discharge (sustained during constant stretch)

Question 31

When can musc, spindle = ___

Answer 31

Slack -> sensory endings insensitive to stretch

Question 32

GTO transmits info to spinal cord by ___

Answer 32

Type Ib afferents

Question 33

Ruffini's endings respond more to __ than ___

Answer 33

Passive than active mvts

Question 34

T/F: pancini corpuscles in joints respond to mvt and are silent when joint pos= constant

Answer 34

T

Question 35

Free nerve endings are stimulated mostly by

Answer 35

Inflammation

Question 36

Afferents associated with joint receptor:

Answer 36

Lig receptors- type Ib Ruffini's and paciniform endings- type II Free nerve endings- type III and IV

Question 37

Large diameter afferents transfer info from which receptors? Med sized afferents? Small?

Answer 37

Musc, tendon and joints Joint capsule, musc spindles, cutaneous touch, stretch and pressure receptors Nociceptive and temp info from musculoskel and skin

Question 38

How to classify somatosensory axons

Answer 38

Roman numeral for musculoskel axons Letters for axons conveying fro fr skin

Question 39

What is a dysfunct/pathology of one/more peripheral n?

Answer 39

Neuropathy

Question 40

Sensory loss proceeds in order of descending axon diameter:

Answer 40

Conscious proprioception and light touch Cold Fast nociception (sharp pain) Heat Slow nociception (aching pain)

Question 41

T/F: after compression of nerve, sensations return in same order they were lost

Answer 41

F: reverse order

Question 42

What is an incoordination that is not due to weakness?

Answer 42

Ataxia

Question 43

What are the types of ataxia?

Answer 43

Sensory, vestibular and cerebellar

Question 44

What test do you use for cerebellar ataxia?

Answer 44

Rhomberg

Question 45

T/F: those with cerebellar ataxia have better balance than sensory ataxia when eyes open

Answer 45

F: sensory ataxia have better balance