Ch 5

Question 1

4 components of neuron

Answer 1

Soma
Dendrites
Axon
Presynaptic terminal

Question 2

2 types of neurons in vertebrates

Answer 2

Bipolar
Multipolar

Question 3

T/F: pseudounipolar cells have 2 axons (from PNS-CNS) and no dendrites

Answer 3

T

Question 4

T/F: biopolar neurons have multiple dendrites and a single axon

Answer 4

F: single dendritic root and axon
(definition is for multipolar)

Question 5

What is the most common type of neuron in vertebrates?

Answer 5

Multipolar

Question 6

Multipolar neurons are mostly ___ neurons, while pseudounipolar are ___ neurons

Answer 6

Motor (spinal)
Sensory

Question 7

4 types of membrane channels

Answer 7

Leak
Modality-gated
Ligand-gated
Voltage-gated

Question 8

Which type of membrane channel does diffusion of sm ions?

Answer 8

Leak channels

Question 9

Which type of membrane channel is specific to sensory neurons (responds to touch, pressure and stretch)?

Answer 9

Modality-gated channel

Question 10

T/F: voltage-gated channel opens bc neurotransmitter binds to surface

Answer 10

F: Ligand-gated channel

Question 11

What is the typical resting potential of a neuron?

Answer 11

-70 mV (more negative inside than out)

Question 12

How is (-) resting membrane potential maintained?

Answer 12

(-) charged molec (anion) trapped inside bc too lrg
Passive diffusion (leak)
Na, K pumps

Question 13

In Na K pump, ___ K in and ___ Na out?

Answer 13

2
3

Question 14

T/F: hyperpolarization is when the potential is more (-) than resting potential

Answer 14

T

Question 15

Depolarization is ___ and hyperpolarization is ___

Answer 15

Excitatory (more likely to send signal)
Inhibitory

Question 16

T/F: local potentials result in depolarization which then leads to action potentials

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Conduction starts w/ local potentials at receiving site of neuron. In sensory neurons they are located ___. Motor neurons and interneurons?

Answer 17

Sensory receptors
Postsynaptic membrane

Question 18

T/F: local potential is able to spread signal long distance

Answer 18

F: short
(action potential= long distance, repeated signal)

Question 19

2 types of adaptations in neurons that allow faster conduction velocity

Answer 19

Inc diameter of neuron
Myelinated

Question 20

3 steps to prod action potential

Answer 20

1. rapid depolarization bc Na channels open
2. dec in Na conduction bc channel closed
3. rapid repolarization bc K channels open

Question 21

T/F: afferent sends motor information from the CNS to body

Answer 21

F: sensory (from body to brain)

Question 22

T/F: neuronal convergence is where single axon branches terminate multiple cells

Answer 22

F: divergence

Question 23

T/F: neuronal divergence is an output of 1 neuron to multiple neurons, and neuronal convergence is an input from multiple neurons to 1 neuron

Answer 23

T

Question 24

What are the types of glial cells?

Answer 24

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann (myelinating)
Astrocytes (signaling)
Microglial (defending)

Question 25

What are the func of myelinating glial cells in CNS and PNS?

Answer 25

Oligodendrocyte provide myelins sheath in CNS Schwann cells provide myelin in PNS

Question 26

T/F unmyelinated neurons are partially myelinated

Answer 26

T

Question 27

What are the func of signaling glial cells in CNS?

Answer 27

Cell signaling (releases neurotransmitters) Clean CNS (scavages) Nourish (connect to blood vessels) Play role in early development of CNS (provide pathway for migrating neurons)

Question 28

What are the func of defending glial cells in CNS?

Answer 28

Act as immune sys of CNS

Question 29

T/F: upper motor neuron (UMN) cell bodies reside in CNS and axons reside in PNS

Answer 29

F: lower motor neurons (LMN)

Question 30

T/F: UMN resides completely in CNS

Answer 30

T

Question 31

T/F: LMN tells UMN and interneurons what to do

Answer 31

F: UMN tells LMN and interneurons

Question 32

Medial region of cortex sensory and motor func

Answer 32

S: loss sensation LE M: apraxia, hemiplegia (LE>UE), impaired gait

Question 33

Lateral region of cortex sensory and motor func

Answer 33

S: hemianesthesia of face, UE(>LE) M: face and UE>LE, LE paresis/paralysis, face and UE impairment if striate arteries involved

Question 34

T/F: subcortical means deep to cerebellum

Answer 34

F: deep to cerebrum cortex

Question 35

What are the subcortical structures?

Answer 35

Projection fibers Commissural Association

Question 36

T/F: projection fibers send signals from cerebellum structures to cerebral cortex, and cerebral cortex to spinal cord

Answer 36

F: sends signal from subcortical structures

Question 37

T/F: association fibers connect homologous areas of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 37

F: commissural fibers (connect cortical regions w/in 1 hemisphere)