CH 10

Question 1

Relative to younger adults, older adults generally have a harder time breathing because the:
natural elasticity of the lungs decreases.
rib cage becomes flexible due to hypocalcemia.
diaphragm ascends much higher into the thorax.
phrenic nerves send fewer signals to the diaphragm.

Answer 1

natural elasticity of the lungs decreases.

Question 2

Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers than in infants because:
of a loss of passive immunity.
they are exposed to other children.
they do not produce antibodies.
they put things in their mouths.

Answer 2

of a loss of passive immunity.

Question 3

Women who experience menopause are at higher risk for:
renal disease.
cardiac conditions.
cancer.
diabetes.

Answer 3

cardiac conditions.

Question 4

You may observe more abdominal expansion than chest expansion in a newborn because:
their ribs are not fully attached to the sternum.
they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe.
their intercostal muscles are not innervated.
their rib cages are more rigid than an adult’s.

Answer 4

they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe.

Question 5

As a result of the increase in diastolic blood pressure associated with aging:
the left ventricle works harder, becomes thicker, and loses its elasticity.
the heart valves become stiff and impede blood flow through the heart.
cardiac output progressively increases secondary to decreased afterload.
the ventricles overfill with blood, resulting in chronic congestive heart failure.

Answer 5

the left ventricle works harder, becomes thicker, and loses its elasticity.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding renal function in older adults is correct?
In older adults, renal changes are more structural than functional.
A 20-year-old patient has already experienced a 10% loss of nephrons.
Aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress.
Renal filtration begins to deteriorate at the age of 70 years.

Answer 6

Aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress.

Question 7

What is the average systolic blood pressure range for a newborn?
85 to 104 mm Hg
67 to 84 mm Hg
90 to 100 mm Hg
52 to 60 mm Hg

Answer 7

67 to 84 mm Hg

Question 8

The pulse rate of a 16-year-old adolescent typically ranges between:
60 and 80 beats/min.
90 and 120 beats/min.
80 and 110 beats/min.
60 and 100 beats/min.

Answer 8

60 and 100 beats/min.

Question 9

An awake neonate’s pulse rate typically ranges from 100 to how many beats per minute?
150
180
205
195

Answer 9

205

Question 10

Older adults are prone to subdural hematomas because:
older adults experience an increase in intracranial blood flow as well as a predisposition to falls.
age-related hypertension weakens the cerebral veins, which predisposes them to damage from even minor trauma.
age-related shrinkage of the brain stretches the bridging veins that return blood from the brain to the dura mater.
excessive alcohol use, which is very common in older adults, causes the brain to atrophy prematurely.

Answer 10

age-related shrinkage of the brain stretches the bridging veins that return blood from the brain to the dura mater.