Ch 10: Corrections

Question 1

Deterrence

Answer 1

Punishing the offender as a way to discourage further offending

Question 2

General deterrence

Answer 2

Aiming to prevent crime by punishing offenders and making the public fear the consequences of crime

Question 3

Specific deterrence

Answer 3

Aiming to prevent a particular offender from committing future crimes

Question 4

Incapacitation

Answer 4

Removing offender from society to prevent them from committing future crimes

Question 5

Selective incapacitation

Answer 5

Sentencing policy that aims to reduce crime by imprisoning repeat offenders for longer sentences

Question 6

Rehabilitation

Answer 6

Providing offender w treatment to re-enter society as law-abiding, productive member

Question 7

4 types of punishment

Answer 7

Incarceration, intermediate sanctions, probation, death penalty

Question 8

Indeterminate sentence

Answer 8

Sentence that doesn’t have a set length of time, so the release date is uncertain; court sets min and max time

Question 9

Determinate sentence

Answer 9

Firm sentence w specific period

Question 10

Presumptive sentence

Answer 10

Legislature/commission sets min and max range of months or years for sentence and judges set length of the sentence within that range

Question 11

Mandatory sentence

Answer 11

Law determined sentence

Question 12

Good time

Answer 12

Time off sentence for good behavior

Question 13

Gain/earned time

Answer 13

Time off sentence by doing programs or work

Question 14

Truth in sentencing

Answer 14

One must serve the most of a sentence before being released on parole

Question 15

Consecutive sentence

Answer 15

Sentence faced one one after another

Question 16

Concurrent sentence

Answer 16

Multiple sentences served at the same time

Question 17

Corrections pre 1800s

Answer 17

Mostly physical punishments

Question 18

Enlightenment years

Answer 18

1615-1815

Question 19

Philadelphia Society

Answer 19

Aim of correcting abuses in the city jail

Question 20

Walnut Street Prison

Answer 20

First US state penitentiary; had separate confinement; Philadelphia; 1790

Question 21

Eastern State Penitentiary

Answer 21

Overcrowding led to end of separate confinement; physical beatings; 1829

Question 22

Auburn Correctional Facility

Answer 22

Congregate system; contract labor system; NY; 1819

Question 23

Congregate system

Answer 23

Prisoners classified by their offenses, worked during the day for goods sold by the state, and slept in separate cells

Question 24

Contract labor system

Answer 24

Inmates were sold to do labor for private companies who made household items

Question 25

The 1800s South

Answer 25

Had lease system (worked in exchange for food/clothes) and every prisoner was black

Question 26

1870 National Prison Association reform meeting in Cincinnati

Answer 26

Indeterminate sentences instead of fixed sentences

Question 27

Elmira Reformation

Answer 27

First reformatory; used mark system

Question 28

Mark system

Answer 28

Points can be earned to reduce sentence

Question 29

Rehabilitation Model/Medical Model (1930-1970)

Answer 29

Trying to fix/rehabilitate people; over diagnosed criminogenic ppl

Question 30

Community Model (1970s)

Answer 30

Goal to avoid incarceration, hindered ppl from engaging in crime, promoted crime free lifestyle, probation > incarceration, short incarceration sentences

Question 31

Crime Control Model (1980-now)

Answer 31

Record high # of incarceration, all criminals off the street, “get tough on crime”, nothing for criminals to pass time (ex: tv) (Starting to move out of this)

Question 32

5 levels of federal prisons

Answer 32

Minimum security, low security, medium security, high security, administrative security

Question 33

Anti Contract Law of 1877

Answer 33

Didn’t allow private ppl to cell people

Question 34

1873 Indiana Women's Prison

Answer 34

First all women’s prison (women prisoners and guards)

Question 35

Minimum security

Answer 35

Unfenced dorm/camp style system made for nonviolent first time offenders

Question 36

Low security

Answer 36

Fenced dorm style system for nonviolent offenders

Question 37

Medium security

Answer 37

System for violent and sex offenses; in cells, mulitple fences, and armed perimeter guards

Question 38

High security

Answer 38

System for most violent offenders with cells, armed guard towers/patrols, multiple fences

Question 39

Administrative security

Answer 39

Special system for those unsuited to other facilities (medical institutions, escape-prones, admax, supermax)

Question 40

Types of state correction systems

Answer 40

Community correction and state prison system