Ch 2: Crime, Criminology, and Victimization

Question 1

Robbery

Answer 1

Taking someones property through threats, force, or violence

Question 2

Burglary

Answer 2

Unlawful entry into structure with intent to commit a crime inside

Question 3

Theft

Answer 3

Unlawful removal of property

Question 4

Larceny

Answer 4

Stealing of physical property from its owner

Question 5

Petty theft

Answer 5

Theft of goods under $500

Question 6

Grand theft

Answer 6

Theft of goods over $500

Question 7

Auto theft

Answer 7

Theft of automobile/vehicle

Question 8

Disorderly conduct

Answer 8

Anything that disturbs the peace; discretionary law

Question 9

Visible crime

Answer 9

Crimes committed publicly that are easily observable

Question 10

Violent crimes

Answer 10

Acts against people that result in death or physical injury

Question 11

Property crimes

Answer 11

Acts that threaten property held by individual or state without use of threat or violence

Question 12

Public order crime

Answer 12

Considered illegal bc they conflict w social policy, morals, or public opinion

Question 13

Occupational crime

Answer 13

Offenses committed through opportunities created in legal business or occupation

Question 14

Organized crime

Answer 14

Structured group that makes a profit through illegal activities and survives through the use of force, threats, and corruption

Question 15

Transnational crime

Answer 15

Crime whose planning or execution crosses borders of countries

Question 16

Victimless crime

Answer 16

Legal offense where no one is identifiable victim

Question 17

Political crime

Answer 17

Crime usually for an ideological purpose that are considered against the state but can also be committed by the state

Question 18

Cybercrime

Answer 18

Use of computers and the internet to commit acts against ppl, property, public order, or morality

Question 19

Uniform crime report (UCR)

Answer 19

Annually published statistical summary of crimes reported to the police based on voluntary reports to FBI by local, state, and federal law enforcement (misdemeanors didn’t require victim info)

Question 20

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

Answer 20

Captures details on crime incident and separate offenses within the same incident (collects all crime, offender, and victim info)

Question 21

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Answer 21

Biannual survey of a sample of household to ask questions regarding their victimization

Question 22

Criminology

Answer 22

Study of how sociology/psych influences crime and how law effects society

Question 23

Criminal justice

Answer 23

Study of the system of law enforcement, procedures/policies, and how the systems interact with individuals

Question 24

Classical theory

Answer 24

Crime done by free will where offender can weigh out cost vs benefit and their punishment fits crime

Question 25

Positivist/biological theory

Answer 25

Criminals are biologically different people and can be analyzed with science

Question 26

Psychological theory

Answer 26

Emphasizes mental processes and how someones raised (psychopath, sociopath, antisocial personality disorder)

Question 27

Sociological theory

Answer 27

Where one lives/grew up and their social conditions affect their entrance into criminal life

Question 28

Life course theory

Answer 28

Asks what point criminality starts and stops, explores turning point in ones life, and that criminality starts at an early age

Question 29

Integrated theory

Answer 29

A mixture of theories explains crime more superiorly than any individual theory

Question 30

Gender theory

Answer 30

Women commit less violent crimes and less crimes in general; women are usually victims and are less likely to be suspects

Question 31

Victimology

Answer 31

Scientific study of causes of victimization, consequences, and how criminal justice system helps victims

Question 32

Victim precipitation

Answer 32

Extent to which victim is responsible for their own victimization

Question 33

Victim facilitation

Answer 33

Victim unintentionally makes it easier for an offender to commit a crime; helps understand why one person may be victimized over another but does not connote blame and responsibility

Question 34

Victim provocation

Answer 34

When a person incites someone else to commit a crime

Question 35

Secondary victim

Answer 35

Someone who suffers harm indirectly

Question 36

Cost of victimization

Answer 36

How much/what a victim loses or suffers as a result of a crime

Question 37

Victim of Rights Act

Answer 37

(1984) Authorizes crime victim compensation and assistance to victims of federal and state crimes

Question 38

Victims Rights and Restitution Act

Answer 38

(1990) Requires all Federal law enforcement agency officers and employees to give victims rights to fairness, respect, dignity, protection

Question 39

Violence Against Women Act

Answer 39

(1994) Gives prevention programs and prosecution efforts for violent crimes against women/children and improves criminal justice responses to sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking

Question 40

Crime Victims Act

Answer 40

(2004) Allows victims to speak at sentencing hearings, not just to submit victim impact statements

Question 41

1st degree murder

Answer 41

Premeditated murder that's carried out with intent to kill

Question 42

2nd degree murder

Answer 42

Murder carried out with intent to kill but wasn't premeditation

Question 43

3rd degree murder

Answer 43

Murder with no intent to kill and no premeditation