Ch 4-6: Policing

Question 1

Frankpledge System (1534)

Answer 1

System of law enforcement/policing where members of society were responsible for each other (tithing; shire reeve)

Question 2

Colonial America (1700s)

Answer 2

Night watch, sheriffs, slave patrols (paddy rollers)

Question 3

Paddy rollers (slave patrols)

Answer 3

Caught runaway slaves; brutal; slave often didn’t return alive

Question 4

First police department in the US (1845)

Answer 4

New York Police Dept

Question 5

First modern police force in the world (1829)

Answer 5

London Metropolitan Police

Question 6

3 issues of developing police agencies in 1840s

Answer 6

Limited police authority, everything was under local control, and fragmented/shared responsibility between diff agencies

Question 7

Political Era (1840-1920)

Answer 7

Had sheriffs (first policing title made) and US marshalls

Question 8

Professional Model Era (1920-1970)

Answer 8

No politics related, well-trained, disciplined, and tight organization; focused on equal law enforcement and fighting crime; started using technology

Question 9

Community Policing Era (1970-now)

Answer 9

Forming relationships within community; proactive problem solving; and organizational change (which doesn’t happen often)

Question 10

3 most effective aspects of problem-oriented policing

Answer 10

Reducing crime in places w elevated risk, improving police efficiency, and solving more serious crime

Question 11

State agency

Answer 11

Government that has jurisdiction over a whole state and its political subdivisions

Question 12

Native American Tribal Police

Answer 12

Has jurisdiction only on reservations

Question 13

Municipal agency

Answer 13

Has jurisdiction over town/city

Question 14

Special Jurisdiction Agencies

Answer 14

Has jurisdiction over special borders (park rangers, campus police)

Question 15

30x30 initiative

Answer 15

Goal to have 30% of PD be women by 2030

Question 16

Black Shield Police Association

Answer 16

Aims to increase awareness of black and minority police officers (1946)

Question 17

First female officer of color

Answer 17

Georgia Ann Robison 1916

Question 18

Incident-driven policing

Answer 18

Calls made to police make top priority

Question 19

Differential response system

Answer 19

Assigns priority to certain cases over others

Question 20

CompStat

Answer 20

Police management system to keep track of productivity

Question 21

Reactive vs proactive cops

Answer 21

Cops are supposed to be reactive (respond to crime) not proactive (seeking crime)

Question 22

Clearance rate

Answer 22

% of crimes known to have been solved by arrest

Question 23

Preventative patrol

Answer 23

Cops walking around to control crime

Question 24

Directed patrol

Answer 24

Particular areas with more crimes has more officers

Question 25

Foot patrol

Answer 25

Officers on foot walking through neighborhoods

Question 26

Aggressive patrol

Answer 26

Zero tolerance policing (no discretion)

Question 27

Community patrol

Answer 27

Building relationships with community (holding events, dressing up as Santa, attending school events)

Question 28

Subculture

Answer 28

Beliefs, symbols, culture, values, attitudes, shared by members of a subgroup within a larger community

Question 29

Police subculture

Answer 29

Secrecy, solidarity, social isolation, and working personality

Question 30

Corruption

Answer 30

Violating law for own personal gain

Question 31

Who's most subject to excessive use of force

Answer 31

Black Americans (12x more likely to be victims)

Question 32

International affairs unit

Answer 32

Returns fugitives, transfers ppl to serve sentences in their home country, and works with domestic partners and foreign counterparts

Question 33

Civilian review boards

Answer 33

Misconduct by local police forces may be independently investigated by representatives of the civilian population

Question 34

Civil liability lawsuits

Answer 34

Right as US citizens to sue others, even an officer but that's often dismissed

Question 35

Qualified immunity

Answer 35

Legal protection granted to govt/police shielding them from civil rights lawsuits if the legal standards weren’t clear enough for the officer to know what they were doing was wrong