Ch. 10 Endocrine System

Question 1

Glands and cells that secrete hormones make up the _____.

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

The organ systems that produce chemical messengers to maintain body homeostasis are the _____.

Answer 2

Nervous & endocrine systems

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?

•Metabolic rate
•Labor contractions
• Development of the fetus
• Water and electrolyte balance
• Development of tissues

Answer 3

Development of the fetus

Question 4

Hormones are divided chemically into ______ -soluble and _____ -soluble groups.

Answer 4

Lipid
Water

Question 5

True or false: The levels of most hormones in the blood are maintained by positive feedback mechanisms.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 6

The glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones

Question 7

Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of ______ stimuli for hormone release.

Answer 7

humoral, neural

Question 8

The coordination of body cells to maintain homeostasis is mostly achieved by _____.

Answer 8

Chemical messangers

Question 9

True or false: The endocrine system has several regulatory functions that affect the digestive system and the reproductive system.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a type of stimull that inhibits hormone release?

• Hormonal
• Exocrine
• Humoral
• Neural

Answer 10

Exocrine

Question 11

Blood chemistry changes are examples of _____ stimuli, whereas the use of hormones to stimulate the release of other hormones is an example of a _____
stimulus for hormone release.

Answer 11

Humoral
Hormonal

Question 12

True or false: Chemical messengers produced by the nervous system and endocrine system are the principal means of maintaining homeostasis.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The two mechanisms used to maintain homeostatic levels of hormones in the blood are _____ and _____ feedback.

Answer 13

Positive
Negative

Question 14

What must be present for any type of hormone to be able to act on a target cell?

Answer 14

Receptors

Question 15

The three types of stimuli that can inhibit hormonal release are _____, ______, and _____ stimuli.

Answer 15

Humoral
Neural
Hormonal

Question 16

Identify the classes of hormone receptors. (Select all that apply.)

•DNA receptors
•Nuclear receptors
•Membrane-bound receptors
•Extracellular receptors

Answer 16

Nuclear receptor
Membrane-bound receptors

Question 17

What is a G protein?

Answer 17

Three protein subunits found on the inner surface of the plasma membrane with a GDP attached to it.

Question 18

Which are mechanisms that maintain hormone levels in the homeostatic range? (Select all that apply.)

•Positive feedback
•Tropic regulation of ions
•pH balance
•Negative feedback

Answer 18

Positive feedback
Negative feedback

Question 19

In order for a hormone to act on a target cell, it must bind to a specific ____.

Answer 19

Receptor

Question 20

What are the two classes of hormone receptors?

Answer 20

nuclear and membrane-bound

Question 21

What is a chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor called?

Answer 21

secondary messenger

Question 22

A protein complex of three protein subunits found on the inner surface of the plasma membrane that can be activated once a chemical messenger binds to a receptor is a _____ protein.

Answer 22

G

Question 23

The system that consists of ductless glands that secrete their products into the interstitial fluids that then enter the blood is the ____ system.

Answer 23

Endocrine

Question 24

The hypophysis is also known as the ____
gland.

Answer 24

Pituitary

Question 25

What must be present for any type of hormone to be able to act on a target cell?

Answer 25

Receptors

Question 26

The endocrine gland indicated by the letter A in the image is the ____ gland.

Answer 26

Thyroid

Question 27

The ovoid glands partially embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid are the _____ glands.

Answer 27

Parathyroid

Question 28

Describe the endocrine svstem.

Answer 28

A system of ductless glands that secrete their products into the interstitial fluid

Question 29

Describe the location of the adrenal glands.

Answer 29

They are superior to the kidneys.

Question 30

Which endocrine gland, located posterior to the stomach, has clusters of cells called islets?

Answer 30

Pancreas

Question 31

The thyroid gland is located in the ____.

Answer 31

Neck

Question 32

Which hormone is responsible for the development and general health of the male reproductive tract?

Answer 32

Testosterone

Question 33

The gland located in the thorax, just superior to the heart, is the ____ gland.

Answer 33

Thymus

Question 34

Glands that are embedded in the thyroid gland are ____ glands.

Answer 34

Parathyroid

Question 35

The ___ gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus of the brain and attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain.

Answer 35

Pineal

Question 36

The endocrine gland indicated by the letter A in the image is the ____ gland.

Answer 36

Adrenal gland

Question 37

Age-related changes to the endocrine system can lead to all of the following except one. Which one? •Altered sleep patterns • Decrease in the ability to respond to decreases in blood pressure • Decrease in adipose tissue • Decreases in bone and muscle mass

Answer 37

Decrease in adipose tissue

Question 38

The elongated, spongy gland located inferior and posterior to the stomach that has clusters of cells called islets is the ____.

Answer 38

Pancreas

Question 39

The thymus gland is located in the ____.

Answer 39

Thorax

Question 40

Which of the following best describes the location of the pineal gland? •The pineal gland is located in the fourth ventricle. • The pineal gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus. • The pineal gland surrounds the larynx. • The pineal gland is found in the mediastinum.

Answer 40

The pineal gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus.

Question 41

Identify hormones that decrease in secretion with age in normal, healthy individuals. Select all that apply. •Insulin •Parathyroid hormone •Growth hormone •Thymosin •Melatonin

Answer 41

Growth hormone Thymosin Melatonin

Question 42

Identify the changes that occur in healthy, elderly adults due to age-related decreases in endocrine secretions. Select all that apply. •Decrease in bone mass • Inability to regulate blood glucose levels •Decrease in muscle mass •Decrease in adipose tissue •Change in sleeping patterns • Increased susceptibility to infection

Answer 42

Decrease in bone mass Decrease in muscle mass Change in sleeping patterns Increased susceptibility to infection