Ch. 7 Muscular System

Question 1

Types of Muscle Tissue (3):

Answer 1

Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal

Question 2

The ability to shorten with force

Answer 2

Contractility

Question 3

The ability to respond to a stimulus

Answer 3

Excitability

Question 4

The ability to lengthen beyond normal resting length

Answer 4

Extensibility

Question 5

The ability to recoil to original resting length

Answer 5

Elasticity

Question 6

Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a muscle ______.

Answer 6

Fiber

Question 7

Myosin myofilaments are known as ______ myofilaments.

Answer 7

Thick

Question 8

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the ______.

Answer 8

Sarcolemma

Question 9

The sacromere is the basic structural and function unit of _____.

Answer 9

Muscle

Question 10

The functional characteristics of skeletal muscle include ______ or the ability to shorten, ______ or the ability to respond to stimulus, _____ or the ability to stretch, and____ or the ability to recoil to original resting length.

Answer 10

1. Contractility
2. Excitability
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity

Question 11

A resting membrane potential occurs when _______.

Answer 11

there IS a voltage difference across a membrane.

Question 12

Typically, the resting potential of a cell is between -70 and -90 mV. This means that the inside of the cell is more _____ than its surrounding environment.

Answer 12

Negative

Question 13

Another term for thick myofilament is _____ myofilament.

Answer 13

Myosin

Question 14

The role of the transverse tubues is to _____.

Answer 14

Transmit the signal to contract deep into the muscle fiber.

Question 15

The structural unit of skeletal muscle, that is the smallest unit capable of contraction is the _____.

Answer 15

Sacromere

Question 16

When is ATP required by muscle cells?

Answer 16

During both relaxation and contraction.

Question 17

The charge difference across the plasma membrane and a cell at rest is called the _____ potential.

Answer 17

Resting membrane

Question 18

The inside of a resting Cell is more ______ in charge them the extracellular fluid around the cell.

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

What is it called when myosin releases, thin, filaments muscle tension, declines and cytoplasmic calcium levels fall?

Answer 19

Relaxation

Question 20

The action potential moves from the sarcolemma surface deep into the muscle, fiber via the ______.

Answer 20

Transverse or T tubules

Question 21

A single brief contraction of a muscle fiber, in response to a stimulus is called a ______.

Answer 21

muscle twitch

Question 22

True or false: ATP is needed for both muscle contraction and muscle relaxation.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The charge difference across the plasma membrane of an unstimulated cell is called the ______.

Answer 23

Resting membrane potential

Question 24

What effect will an increase in the frequency of stimuli have on the strength of contraction on an individual muscle fiber?

Answer 24

Increase strength of contraction

Question 25

A. Muscle tension declines B. Calcium levels in the cytoplasm fall C. Myosin releases this filaments D. ACh levels in cleft increase

Answer 25

D

Question 26

The constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time necessary to keep the head up right and abdomen flat is called _____.

Answer 26

Muscle tone 

Question 27

What are the different types of muscle fibers?

Answer 27

slow-twitch fibers and fast-twitch fibers 

Question 28

The molecules within muscle fibers that stores oxygen is _____.

Answer 28

Myoglobin

Question 29

What will increase the force of contraction within an individual muscle fiber?

Answer 29

Increase the frequency of stimuli

Question 30

Which muscle types are most likely to have the highest proportion of fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 30

Chicken breast muscles Muscles of upper limbs

Question 31

The constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time is called ______.

Answer 31

Muscle tone

Question 32

Define hypertrophy

Answer 32

An increase in the size of an individual muscle

Question 33

Identify the different types of muscle fibers

Answer 33

Slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers

Question 34

Identify the types of activities where aerobic respiration is the primary mechanism of ATP production.

Answer 34

Long-term, intense activities and Rest

Question 35

Identify the molecule within muscle fibers that stores oxygen temporarily.

Answer 35

Myoglobin

Question 36

The energy that is used first during intensive activities comes from ______.

Answer 36

Creatine phosphate

Question 37

Which is a characteristic of fast twitch or Type II muscle fiber?

Answer 37

Important in quick, intense movements of short duration

Question 38

Which of the following muscle types are most likely to have the highest proportion of slow twitch muscle fibers?

Answer 38

Postural muscles of back Postural muscles of abdomen

Question 39

Hypertrophy of a muscle causes _____ in strength and endurance.

Answer 39

An increase

Question 40

Cells produce a small amount of ATP and lactic acid in the absence of oxygen through the process of _____ respiration.

Answer 40

Anaerobic

Question 41

Which of the following energy sources is most likely being employed while the muscle is involved in the long-term endurance exercise, such as long distance running?

Answer 41

Aerobic respiration

Question 42

Identify a characteristic of fast twitch or Type II muscle fibers.

Answer 42

Important in sprinting activities

Question 43

Anaerobic respiration allows the cell to make a small amount of _____ in the absence of oxygen, but also produces ______.

Answer 43

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) , Lactic Acid

Question 44

During intense muscular activity, creatine phosphate levels are depleted _____.

Answer 44

Quickly

Question 45

A state of reduced work capacity is called _______

Answer 45

Fatigue

Question 46

The energy that is used for during intense activities comes from ______.

Answer 46

Creatine phosphate

Question 47

Why does respiratory rate and volume remain elevated for a period of time following exercise?

Answer 47

To replace O2 stores

Question 48

The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels, and therefore controls movement of blood through blood vessels is ______ muscle.

Answer 48

Smooth

Question 49

True or False : Aerobic respiration, does not require oxygen in order to produce ATP.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

A muscle is connected to a bone through a structure called a _____.

Answer 50

Tendon

Question 51

During intense activity, the energy source that is depleted most quickly is _____.

Answer 51

Creatine phosphate

Question 52

The following are used in the naming of individual muscles:

Answer 52

Origin and insertion Size and shape Region of body Number of origins

Question 53

Explain why respiratory rate in volume remain elevated for a period of time following exercise.

Answer 53

Replace O2 stores To convert lactic acid to glucose Replace depleted creatine phosphate

Question 54

Smooth muscle is under ____ control.

Answer 54

Involuntary

Question 55

1. Buccinator 2. Depressor anguli oris 3. Trapezius 4. Masseter 5. Orbicularis oculi 6.Zygomaticus Major

Answer 55

1. Flattens cheek 2. Promotes “frowning” 3. Extends head and neck 4. Promotes “chewing” 5. Closes eyelids 6. Elevates upper lip and corner of mouth

Question 56

The temporalis, masseter lateral pterygold and the medial pterygold are all considered muscles of ______.

Answer 56

Chewing

Question 57

Identify the basic functions of the tongue.

Answer 57

Aids in mastication and speech

Question 58

1. Temporalis 2. Occipitofrontalis 3. Zygomaticus major 4. Orbicularis oris 5. Sternocleidomastorid 6. Buccinator

Answer 58

1. Mastication 2. Elevates eyebrows 3. Smiling 4. Closes the mouth 5. Rotates head & neck to opposite side 6. Retracts angle of mouth

Question 59

Which 2 are actions of the temporalis?

Answer 59

Retracts mandible Elevates mandible

Question 60

Identify the lateral neck muscle, that is the prime mover for flexion of the head at the neck.

Answer 60

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 61

What are important functions of the tongue?

Answer 61

The tongue moves food around in the mouth The tongue modify sound during speech The tongue initiate swallowing The tongue holds food in place for grinding

Question 62

What muscles are considered the major muscles of mastication?

Answer 62

Pterygoids, masseter, temporalis

Question 63

The deep muscles of the vertebral column have what general actions?

Answer 63

Lateral flexion and rotation

Question 64

Identify the primary functions of the muscles of the thorax.

Answer 64

Expiration and inspiration

Question 65

What body systems have an opening through the pelvic floor?

Answer 65

Digestive Urinary Reproductive

Question 66

What are the main functions of the scapular muscles?

Answer 66

•Hold the scapula in place •Increase range of motion of the upper limb

Question 67

What muscles are involved in attaching the arm to the thorax?

Answer 67

Pectoralis, major Rotator cuff muscles Latissimus dorsi Deltoid

Question 68

The muscles of the thorax are mostly involved in what action?

Answer 68

Breathing

Question 69

The triceps brachii has ____ heads.

Answer 69

3

Question 70

True or false: the anterior abdominal body wall muscles increase the volume of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 70

FALSE

Question 71

Turning the forearm so the palm is up is ______ and turning the forearm so the palm is down is ____.

Answer 71

Supination, pronation

Question 72

The muscles responsible for extending the wrist and fingers are mostly found on the ______ of the forearm.

Answer 72

Posterior

Question 73

The muscles that hold the scapula in place on the arm, muscles contract, or the ______ muscles.

Answer 73

Scapular

Question 74

Biceps femoris….

Answer 74

flexes the knee and extends hip

Question 75

Rectus femoris….

Answer 75

Extends the knee

Question 76

Satorius…

Answer 76

flexes, hip and knee and laterally rotates thigh

Question 77

Gastrocnemius…

Answer 77

Plantar flexion

Question 78

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer 78

Abducts the thigh

Question 79

The extensors of the knee are found in the ____ compartment of the thigh.

Answer 79

Anterior

Question 80

Most of the posterior for our muscles, have what action on the wrist and fingers?

Answer 80

Extension