Ch. 8 Nervous System

Question 1

Identify the functions of the Nervous System. (3)

Answer 1

Controlling muscles and glands,
Receiving sensory input,
Integrating information,

Question 2

The 2 major subdivisions of the nervous system are the _____ and the ____ nervous systems.

Answer 2

Central (CNS)
Peripheral (PNS)

Question 3

Select all of the cell types that are components of the nervous system.

Answer 3

Glial cells
Neurons

Question 4

A cell that receives stimuli and transmits action potentials to other nerve cells or effector organs is a _____.

Answer 4

Neuron

Question 5

There are several types of non-neuronal, support cells within the nervous system. As a group, these support cells are called ______ (one word).

Answer 5

Glial

Question 6

The nervous system directly controls ______.

Answer 6

Muscles and glands

Question 7

The specific cells that are responsible for producing myelin in the PNS are the ____ cells.

Answer 7

Schwann

Question 8

Central and peripheral are two major divisions of the ____.

Answer 8

Nervous system

Question 9

Two basic types of ion channels are ____ and ____.

Answer 9

Leak & gated

Question 10

The structural unit of the nervous system that consist of a cell body dendrites, and an axon is the ___.

Answer 10

Neuron

Question 11

A junction were the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron is called a _____.

Answer 11

Synapse

Question 12

Supporting cells such as oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells are examples of _____ cells.

Answer 12

Neuroglia

Question 13

The cells that are responsible for wrapping around axons, creating myelin sheath in the PNS are ____.

Answer 13

Schwann cells

Question 14

A cluster of neuron cells in the CNS is referred to as a ______ and a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS is referred to as a _____.

Answer 14

Nuclei, ganglia

Question 15

By definition, _____ occurs when multiple stimuli combine their effects on his cell to produce a response.

Answer 15

Summation

Question 16

A synapse can be a junction between the ____ of one neuron and a muscle or gland.

Answer 16

Axon

Question 17

The two components of the central nervous system are the ____ and the ____.

Answer 17

Brain
Spinal cord

Question 18

Cells that support PNS and CNS but do not conduct nerve potentials are called ____.

Answer 18

Glia

Question 19

The spinal cord extends inferiorly to the level of the _____.

Answer 19

Second lumbar vertebrae

Question 20

_______ is when multiple local potentials combine their effect on a cell to produce a produce.

Answer 20

Summation

Question 21

Reflexes are ____ reactions in response to a stimulus.

Answer 21

Involunt

Question 22

Spinal nerves contain ____ axons.

Answer 22

Sensory and motor

Question 23

The brain and spinal cord are the 2 components of the ____.

Answer 23

Central nervous system

Question 24

The 4 major parts of the brain, or the brain stem, the diencephalon, the ______ , and the _____.

Answer 24

Cerebrum
Cerebellum

Question 25

Supporting cells such as oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells are examples of ____ cells.

Answer 25

Neuroglia

Question 26

The brainstem connect the spinal cords to the remainder of the brain. What 3 parts does it consist of?

Answer 26

The medulla oblongata, the pons and the midbrain

Question 27

The spinal cord BEGINS at the level of this bony landmark with the occipital bone:

Answer 27

Foramen magnum

Question 28

An involuntary response to stimulus is called a _____.

Answer 28

Reflex

Question 29

Spinal nerves are formed from ____.

Answer 29

dorsal and ventral roots

Question 30

What do the cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to?

Answer 30

brainstem

Question 31

The diencephalon is _____ to the corpus callosum.

Answer 31

inferior

Question 32

The region of the brain that contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata is the _____.

Answer 32

brainstem

Question 33

The ____ accounts for the largest portion of the brain.

Answer 33

Cerebrum

Question 34

Where does the spinal cord begin?

Answer 34

base of the skull

Question 35

The type of pathways that transmit information through the spinal cord or brain stem from the periphery to the brain is ____.

Answer 35

ascending

Question 36

Reflexes allow a person to react _____ quickly than is possible if conscious thought is involved.

Answer 36

more

Question 37

What areas of the cerebrum function to receive input from receptors producing sensations?

Answer 37

Sensory

Question 38

Which area of the brain is responsible for maintaining the body’s posture in balance?

Answer 38

Motor areas

Question 39

The area of the brain called the _____ is located between the brain stem and cerebrum.

Answer 39

diencephalon

Question 40

The primary motor area is found in the ____ lobe.

Answer 40

Frontal

Question 41

A descending tract is a ______.

Answer 41

pathway that directly or indirectly affect’s activities of lower motor neurons.

Question 42

Ascending spinal pathway transmit _____ information via action potentials.

Answer 42

Sensory/sensation

Question 43

The function of ______ areas of the cerebrum is to interpret impulses from sensory receptors.

Answer 43

sensory/association

Question 44

The ______ plays a role in organizing and coordinating motor movements and posture.

Answer 44

basal nuclei

Question 45

Identify the roles of the motor areas of the brain and spinal cord:

Answer 45

Verbal and nonverbal communication Moving head limbs and trunk Maintaining posture

Question 46

The area of the brain that is chiefly responsible for maintaining balance and muscle tone and coordinating fine motor skills is the _____.

Answer 46

cerebellum

Question 47

A _____ tract is a pathway of axons, carrying information about movement from the higher brain areas to the brain stem or spinal cord.

Answer 47

Motor/descending/corticospinal

Question 48

The type of pathways that transmit information through the spinal cord or brain stem from the periphery to the brain is _____.

Answer 48

Ascending

Question 49

Sensation from the left half of the body is directed to the ______ cerebral hemisphere.

Answer 49

right

Question 50

True or false: Basal nuclei play a role in the coordination of motor movements and posture.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

The _____ areas of the brain and spinal cord are responsible for movement, communication and reflexes.

Answer 51

motor

Question 52

True or false: The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining balance and muscle tone, and coordinating fine motor skills.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

In most persons, the _____ hemisphere is dominant for language related functions.

Answer 53

Left

Question 54

The _____ cerebral hemisphere has control over the muscles in the right half of the body.

Answer 54

Left

Question 55

The _____ plays a roll in organizing, coordinating motor movements and posture.

Answer 55

Basal nuclei

Question 56

True or false: A brainwave is a recording of electrical changes in the brain.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

The storage of memory can be divided into three stages: ______, short term, and long-term.

Answer 57

Working

Question 58

The group of structures within the brain that are important and emotions and memories called the _____ system.

Answer 58

limbic

Question 59

Sensation from the left half of the body is directed to the _____ cerebral hemisphere.

Answer 59

right

Question 60

EEG patterns that are wavelike patterns are known as ____.

Answer 60

Brainwaves

Question 61

True or false: The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining balance and muscle tone and coordinating fine motor skills.

Answer 61

TRUE

Question 62

How many meningeal layers cover the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 62

3

Question 63

The group of structures in the brain involved with emotions and memory is the _____.

Answer 63

limbic system

Question 64

The cavities in the brain that store cerebrospinal fluid are the ____.

Answer 64

ventricles

Question 65

A brain wave is a measure of the _____ activity in the cells of the brain.

Answer 65

Electrical

Question 66

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in and flows through the ____ and is reabsorbed within the ____.

Answer 66

Ventricle; meninges

Question 67

The three layers of the meninges:

Answer 67

Pia mater Dura mater Arachnoid mater

Question 68

Cranial nerves are designated by ____ numerals.

Answer 68

Roman

Question 69

Cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid are called _____.

Answer 69

Ventricles

Question 70

The autonomic nervous system innervates _____, and the somatic nervous system innervates _____.

Answer 70

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands Skeletal muscle

Question 71

The cells bodies of sympathetic preganglionic fibers are located in the ____.

Answer 71

Thoracic region of the spinal cord Lumbar region of the spinal cord

Question 72

Which of the following describes the relationship between the meninges, the ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 72

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in and flows through the ventricles and is reabsorbed within the meninges.

Question 73

Identify all the locations for the preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic division.

Answer 73

Vagus nerve S2-S4 Gloss pharyngeal never Facial nerve Oculomotor nerve

Question 74

Skeletal muscle is innervated by the ____ nervous system.

Answer 74

somatic

Question 75

The neurons of the parasympathetic division that secrete acetylcholine are_____.

Answer 75

Both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

Question 76

The phrase “rest and digest”is associated with the ____ nervous system.

Answer 76

Parasympathetic

Question 77

The spinal cord between the first thoracic and second lumbar regions is the location of the cell bodies of _____ preganglionic fibers.

Answer 77

Sympathetic

Question 78

The enteric nervous system (ENS) connects to the _____.

Answer 78

Digestive tract

Question 79

The nerve plexuses of the enteric nervous system are located in the walls of the _____ tract.

Answer 79

Digestive