Ch. 10 Joint Anatomy and Function Flashcards
1
Q
where two bones meet and articulate with each other
A
joint
2
Q
allows movement of the skeleton
A
joints or articulations
3
Q
immovable joints
A
synarthroses
4
Q
slight degree of movement or shifting
A
amphiarthroses
5
Q
freely moving joints
A
diarthroses
6
Q
fibrous joints (4)
A
- have no synovial cavity
- no movement between bones
- bones are joined by dense fibrous connective tissue
- may ossify (turn to solid bone)
7
Q
cartilaginous joints (3)
A
- have no synovial cavity
- only slight movement or shifting
- bones joined by cartilage
8
Q
synovial joints (3)
A
- have a synovial cavity
- bones joined by dense irregular connective issue at joint capsule
- bones joined by dense regular connective tissue of ligaments
9
Q
fibrous joint example
A
skull sutures
10
Q
cartilaginous joint examples (2)
A
- pubic symphysis
- intervertebral joints
11
Q
Joint cavity (3)
A
- internal space around ends of bone
- created by joint capsule
- filled with synovial fluid
12
Q
Synovial fluid (4)
A
- secreted by synovial membrane
- fills joint cavity
- lubricates articular cartilage
- reduces friction of bones
13
Q
Synovial membrane (2)
A
- lines joint capsule
- secretes synovial fluid
14
Q
Joint capsule (2)
A
- encloses entire area where 2 bones meet
- dense irregular connective tissue
15
Q
Ligaments (3)
A
- strips of dense regular connective tissue
- connect bone to bone to stabilize joint
- reinforce joint capsule
16
Q
Periosteum (2)
A
- connective tissue covering bones
- blends into joint capsule
17
Q
Articular cartilage (3)
A
- hyaline cartilage
- covers and cushions end of each bone in joint
- prevents bones from rubbing on each other
18
Q
Uniaxial joints
A
allow movement in only one plane
19
Q
Biaxial joints
A
movement occurs in two planes
20
Q
Multiaxial
A
movement occurs in all three planes
21
Q
Hinge (3)
A
- rounded end of one bone fits concave surface of the other
- uniaxial
- allows flexion and extension
22
Q
Elbow joint type
A
hinge
23
Q
Ball-and-socket (2)
A
- ball-shaped head of one bone fits cup-shaped depression of the other
- multiaxial
24
Q
Shoulder joint bone type
A
ball-and-socket
25
Saddle (2)
- joint surfaces fit together like rider sitting saddle
| - biaxial
26
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb type
saddle
27
Pivot (3)
- rounded or cone-shaped surface of one bone fits into shallow depression of other bone
- uniaxial
- allows rotation in one plane
28
Superior radioulnar joint of elbow type
pivot
29
Gliding or planar (2)
- surfaces of two bones are almost flat
| - allows bones to glide past each other
30
Intertarsal joints type
gliding or planar
31
Condyloid (3)
- oval condyle of one bone fits into depression on other
- biaxial
- allows for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
32
Metacarpophalangeal joint type
condyloid
33
Complex hinge joint between the femur and tibia
tibiofemoral joint
34
Knee joint held together by
quadriceps tendon and the semimembranosus muscle tendon
35
C-shaped cartilages (2)
- lateral and medial menisci
| - deepen and stabilize the joint
36
extracapsular
external to the joint capsule
37
intracapsular
internal to the capsule
38
examples of extracapsular ligaments (2)
fibular collateral ligament
tibial collateral ligament
- prevent knee from rotating
39
examples of intracapsular ligaments (2)
anterior cruciate ligamanets (ACL)
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- cross over each other forming an X
40
Skeletal muscle in synovial joint (3)
- crosses the joint
- one end of muscle attaches to one bone of joint
- other end of muscle attaches to other bone
41
Joint (2)
- serves as pivot point
| - allows two bones to move in relation to each other
42
Origin (2)
- end of muscle attached to stationary bone
| - proximal bone, especially in limbs
43
Insertion (2)
- end of muscle attached to bone that moves
| - distal bone, especially in limbs
44
Tendon (2)
- dense regular connective tissue
| - blends with periosteum to anchor ends of skeletal muscle to bones
45
most movement around a joint occurs in
antagonistic pairs
46
changes the position of bones from position 1 to position 2
agonist
47
movement returns the joint to position 1
antagonist
48
Pronation
radius/ulna
| - turns palm down
49
Supination
radius/ulna
| - turns palm up
50
Rotation (2)
- circular movement
| - size of circle remains constant
51
Inversion
ankle joint
| - turns foot inward
52
Eversion
ankle joint
| - turns foot outward
53
Dorsiflexion
ankle joint
| - moves foot upward
54
Plantar flexion
ankle joint
| - moves foot downward
55
Circumduction (3)
- circular movement
- occurs in ball-and-socket joint
- combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
56
Abduction
moves body part away from midline of body
57
Adduction
moves body part toward midline of body
58
Flexion
reduces angle of joint
| - brings two bones closer together
59
Extension
increases angle of joint
| - moves two bones farther apart
60
lines joint capsule
synovial membrane
61
an elastic covering enclosing the joint
joint capsule
62
filled with synovial fluid
joint cavity
63
two surfaces of bones are almost flat
gliding joint
64
allows rotation in only one plane
pivot joint
65
two concave surfaces fitted together
saddle joint
