Ch. 7 Intro to Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal system

Answer 1

consists of bones and joints

Question 2

Study of bones

Answer 2

osteology

Question 3

Study of joints

Answer 3

arthrology

Question 4

Skeleton functions (5)

Answer 4

1. support
2. protection
3. aid in movement
4. blood cell formation
5. mineral storage

Question 5

Number of bones in body

Answer 5

206

Question 6

Bone composition (6)

Answer 6

1. compact bone tissue
2. spongy bone tissue
3. cartilage
4. loose and dense tissues
5. blood vessels
6. nerves

Question 7

Long bones

Answer 7

greater in length than width

Question 8

Short bones

Answer 8

similar in length and width

Question 9

Flat bones

Answer 9

flat and quite thin

Question 10

Irregular bones

Answer 10

bone that vary in size and structure

Question 11

Sesmoid bones

Answer 11

small bones that form within tendons like the patella or kneecap

Question 12

Sutural bones

Answer 12

tiny bones wedged between cranial bones of the skull

Question 13

Epiphyses

Answer 13

proximal and distal ends of long bones

Question 14

Diaphysis

Answer 14

the shaft of a long bone (middle part)

Question 15

Articular cartilage

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces at the epiphyses

Question 16

Red marrow

Answer 16

blood cell forming tissue that fills the spaces of the spongy bone tissue

Question 17

Medullary cavity

Answer 17

the space within the diaphysis

Question 18

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 18

a fatty material occupying the medullary cavity

Question 19

Periosteum

Answer 19

a dense connective tissue membrane covering the external bone surface

Question 20

Endosteum

Answer 20

a connective tissue membrane lining the medullary cavity

Question 21

Spongy bone (3)

Answer 21

• bone tissue filling
• found in epiphyses, lining the medullary cavity, and between plates of compact bone tissue in flat bones
• contains red marrow

Question 22

Compact bone

Answer 22

bone tissue forming the walls of the diaphysis and the bony coverings of spongy bone

Question 23

Epiphyseal line

Answer 23

part of bone that replaces the epiphyseal growth plate, where bone elongation occurred

Question 24

Depressions and openings (6)

Answer 24

• fissure
• foramen
• fossa
• groove
• meatus
• sinus

Question 25

Fissure

Answer 25

narrow crevice or opening

Question 26

Foramen

Answer 26

round or oval opening

Question 27

Fossa

Answer 27

shallow depression

Question 28

Groove

Answer 28

narrow depression

Question 29

Meatus

Answer 29

penetrating hole

Question 30

Sinus

Answer 30

air-filled cavity

Question 31

Projections (11)

Answer 31

- condyle - crest - epicondyle - facet - head - line (linea) - ramus - spine - trochanter - tubercle - tuberosity

Question 32

Condyle

Answer 32

rounded articular process

Question 33

Crest

Answer 33

prominent narrow ridge

Question 34

Epicondyle

Answer 34

elevated area on or above condyle

Question 35

Facet

Answer 35

smooth, almost flat articular surface

Question 36

Head

Answer 36

rounded epiphysis

Question 37

Line (linea)

Answer 37

small, narrow bridge

Question 38

Ramus

Answer 38

flat bridge or bone

Question 39

Spine

Answer 39

sharp, narrow, usually pointed end

Question 40

Trochanter

Answer 40

large, blunt process (femur only)

Question 41

Tubercle

Answer 41

small, rounded process

Question 42

Tuberosity

Answer 42

large, rounded or roughened process

Question 43

Composed bone tissue

Answer 43

composed of a series of cylindrical subunits (osteons), which produce a dense organization

Question 44

Central central or Haversian canal (4)

Answer 44

- part of osteon - encircled by lamellae - contains artery, vein, and nerve - vertical

Question 45

Lamellae (2)

Answer 45

- mineralized matrix | - encircle the central or Haversian canal

Question 46

Perforating (Volkmann's) canals (2)

Answer 46

- extend from the surface of the bone to osteonic canals | - sideways

Question 47

Lacunae (2)

Answer 47

- tiny spaces sandwiched between the lamellae | - house osteocytes

Question 48

Osteocytes

Answer 48

obtain nourishment by the diffusion of substances through the canaliculi

Question 49

Canaliculi (2)

Answer 49

- tiny canals | - extend between lacunae and the osteonic canals and perforating canals

Question 50

Osteoblasts

Answer 50

bone-producing cells

Question 51

Osteoclasts

Answer 51

bone-dissolving cells

Question 52

Interstitial lamellae

Answer 52

fill the areas between osteons

Question 53

Periosteum (2)

Answer 53

- covers the bone's external surface | - composed of fibrous connective tissue (contains osteoprogenitor cells)

Question 54

Spongy bone tissue (2)

Answer 54

- known as cancellous bone | - consists of trabecular to form a lattice-like network

Question 55

Trabeculae or trabecula (2)

Answer 55

- interlocking thin plates | - contains osteocytes within lacunae

Question 56

Red marrow

Answer 56

- space between trabeculae | - site of blood cell formation

Question 57

Compact bone function

Answer 57

thickened to aid in resistance to stress

Question 58

Collagen fibers

Answer 58

in matrix, provide strength, resistance to stress, and some flexibility

Question 59

Mineral salts

Answer 59

provide hardness and durability

Question 60

Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

Answer 60

collagen fibers that connect the periosteum to the bone