ch 10 txtbk

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

internal mental processes including info processing, thinking, reasoning and problem solving

Question 2

symbolic representation

Answer 2

representation that bears no resemblance to actual object

(e.g. language)

Question 3

analogical representation

Answer 3

maintain some of the characteristics of the objects they represent

e.g. maps

Question 4

mental image

Answer 4

referring to a representation of any sensory experience thats stored in memory and can be retrieved for use later

Question 5

concepts

Answer 5

an organizing principle derived from experience

Question 6

prototype

Answer 6

representation of a category formed by averaging all members of the category

Question 7

exemplar

Answer 7

a specific member of a category used to represent the category

Question 8

exemplar vs prototype

Answer 8

Compared to prototypes, exemplars provide a better way of thinking about the variability of a category

Averages, which characterize prototypes, do not provide much information about the range of features found in a category

Question 9

problem

Answer 9

situation in which a current state is separated from an ideal state by obstacles

Question 10

mental set

Answer 10

framework for thinking about a problem

Question 10

functional fixedness

Answer 10

particular type of mental set that refers to a person’s tendency to think about an object in its most typical form and no others

Question 12

algorithms

Answer 12

precise, step by step set of rules that will reliably generate a solution to a problem

Question 13

heuristic

Answer 13

shortcut to problem solving; also known as rule of thumb

Question 14

availability heuristic

Answer 14

rule of thumb in which the freq. of an event’s occurrence is predicted by the ease with which the event is brought to mind

Question 15

representativeness heuristic

Answer 15

rule of thumb in which stimuli similar to a prototype are believed to be more likely than stimuli that are dissimilar to a prototype

-based on a persons appearance, ppl had assumptions on what their job should be based on stereotype

Question 16

recognition heuristic

Answer 16

rule of thumb in which a higher value is placed on the more easily recognized alternative

Question 17

affect heuristic

Answer 17

rule of thumb in which we choose between alternatives based on emotional or “gut” reactions to stimuli

Question 18

language

Answer 18

system for communicating thoughts and feelings using arbitrary signals (voice sounds, gestures)

Question 19

aphasia

Answer 19

the loss of the ability to speak or understand language

Question 20

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 20

characterized by difficult producing speech

Question 21

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 21

affects comprehension
-speech is rapid and fluent but meaningless

Question 22

intelligence

Answer 22

an individual’s ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environ, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning and to overcome obstacles

Question 23

psychometrics

Answer 23

Sir francis galton

-branch of psych concerned with the objective measurement of mental abilities and other attributes

Question 24

eugenics

Answer 24

idea of selectively breeding humans in order to improve the species Galton believed in this (heavily influenced by cousin Darwin)

Question 25

intelligence quotient IQ

Answer 25

computed by dividing children's mental age by their chronological age

Question 26

general intelligence

Answer 26

a measure of an individual's overall intelligence as opposed to specific abilities

Question 27

fluid intelligence

Answer 27

ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge

Question 28

crystallized intelligence

Answer 28

ability to think logically using specific learned knowledge