Ch 11/12 - Prejudice, Conflict, and Peacemaking (Exam 3) Flashcards
(24 cards)
1
Q
conflict
A
- perceived incompatibility of actions
- can lead to hostile actions/outcomes
2
Q
peace
A
- the outcome of a resolution to a conflict in which both parties are content with the result
- based on mutual benefit and understanding
- prevents further conflict
3
Q
social dilemmas
A
- frequent source of conflict between groups and between individuals and groups occurs when personal self-interest clashes with group cooperation
- when everyone pursues their own self-interest, the group ends up worse off than if they had worked together
4
Q
the prisoners dilemma
A
- for studying social dilemmas
- selfish actions provide greatest individual benefit
- if both are selfish, they end up worse off than if they had chosen to cooperate
5
Q
resource dilemmas
A
- shared used of a limited, finite resource
- people more likely to exploit resources in a large group
- type of social dilemma
6
Q
resolving social dilemmas
A
- fear and greed play crucial roles in individual responses
- collectivist more likely to cooperate with ingroup
- individualistic consistent between people
7
Q
prosocial orientation
A
- maximize joint benefits
- want things equal
8
Q
individualistic orientation
A
- maximize own gain
- regardless of what others gain or lose
9
Q
competitive orientation
A
- maximize their own gain relative to others
- how much they win and others lose
10
Q
effective conflict communication
A
- open and clear disclosure of needs and goals
- communication between individual representatives from opposing groups
- discuss common goals
- easier to build trust between individuals than groups
- face-to-face communication
11
Q
destructive arguing
A
- avoid, shut down
- introduce irrelevant topics
- subtly undermine the other person
12
Q
constructive arguing
A
- articulate the problem clearly and restate the other person’s argument to ensure understanding
- encourage input or criticism
- constructive ideas
13
Q
prejudice
A
- a negative attitude towards a group of people
- can result in discrimination
14
Q
stereotypes
A
- cause prejudice
- guide perceptions
- confirmation bias
- guide interpretations
- create self-fulfilling prophecies
15
Q
the need for self-enhancement
A
- cause prejudice
- people derive self-esteem from group memberships
- we automatically categorize people into groups
- motivated to think our ingroups are superior
16
Q
2 ways to reduce prejudice
A
- promoting perceptions of superordinate groups
- blending ingroups and outgroups - providing people with alternative ways of self-enhancement
- time consuming
17
Q
scapegoat theory
A
- people take their frustrations out on weaker/marginalized groups
18
Q
realistic conflict theory
A
- perceived competition over access to valued resources fosters hostility between groups
19
Q
the robbers cave experiment
A
- competition between groups of boys created negative attitudes directed at the opposing group
20
Q
integrated threat theory
A
- realistic threats: realistic resources to compete for
- symbolic threats: morals, values, beliefs
- intergroup anxiety threats: unfamiliarity of other group
- negative stereotype threats: prevent groups from understanding each other
21
Q
stereotype threats
A
- awareness of negative stereotypes lowers task performance
- trying not be be the stereotype
- physiological response
22
Q
personal-group discrimination discrepancy
A
- most people report that they experiences less prejudice than the average member of that group
- can dampen the drive for social change
23
Q
contact hypothesis
A
- appropriate contact between groups can reduce prejudice
24
Q
necessary conditions for contact to have a positive effect
A
- equal in status
- cooperative behaviour
- contact supported by authority figures
- involves multiple members of the outgroup
- setting should be informal and friendly
