Ch. 11-13

Question 1

ananya roy

Answer 1

professor of urban planning at UCLA, focus on housing and global urbanism. believed that cities are split into certain regions.

CITIES DO NOT SHARE A COMMON GROWTH TRAJECTORY!!!

Question 2

latin america and _______________ theory

Answer 2

dependency theory - they supply materials and markets for industrialized powerhouse countries

Question 3

south asia and __________________ theory

Answer 3

post-colonial - how should the poor participate in development when it harms them? development as understood through individual experiences

Question 4

east asia and idea of __________

Answer 4

arbitrage - metaphor, how do you capitalize on the differences in scale and size of a city? how to capitalize on globalization and rapid change?

Question 5

africa and the city ____ __ ______

Answer 5

the city yet to come - region of aspirations and expectations, not failed cities

Question 6

the middle east and ananya roy

Answer 6

wealth is new, development in the area is incomplete.

Question 7

jennifer robinson

Answer 7

geographer who studies cities of the global south. focuses on the negative consequences to ranking and categorizing cities by development level.

ALL CITIES ARE ORDINARY.

Question 8

urban modernity (jennifer robinson)

Answer 8

cultural experience of contemporary city life

Question 9

development (jennifer robinson)

Answer 9

the ambition to improve life in cities, especially for the poorest

Question 10

developmentalism (jennifer robinson)

Answer 10

institutional promotion of development

Question 11

world cities

Answer 11

a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network

Question 12

world system theory

Answer 12

core, peripheral, and semi-peripheral cities.

core dominate and exploit the peripheral.

peripheral rely on the core.

semi-periphery are somewhere in the middle.

Question 13

urban informality

Answer 13

cities of the global south, characterized by informal settlements. ex; squatting or building huts/shacks on the periphery of grand, intensely modern cities

Question 14

modernist architecture spreads from the _____________ world to the ____________ world

Answer 14

developing, developed

Question 15

main factors in the growth of ancient cities
ah/ra/dp/ce

Answer 15

argicultural surplus in hinterland
religious authority presence
defensible position
complex economy

Question 16

fall line cities

Answer 16

cities placed on the boundary between metamorphic rocks and softer eroded rock. lots of waterfalls, useful for powering factories.

hubs of manufacturing

Question 17

railhead cities

Answer 17

cities that begin as a hub of intersecting train tracks, ex; chicago

Question 18

central place theory (christaller)

Answer 18

small, medium, and large settlements are all intertwined. small towns are marketplaces for the surrounding area, while large cities sell luxury goods.

basics are more easily available, but differently sized cities rely on each other for division of goods.

Question 19

economic base

Answer 19

activities that people do in the urban area to support the urban evironment

Question 20

basic sector

Answer 20

part of the city’s economy that brings money in from the outside, “export” industries

Question 21

nonbasic sector

Answer 21

part of city’s economy that doesn’t bring in new money but is crucial to its functioning. ex; schools

Question 22

multiplier effect

Answer 22

each basic job brings in money from outside of the city, thus it will create other jobs and multiply the growth

Question 23

urban influence zones

Answer 23

areas outside of a city that are still affected by it. as distance increases, influence decreases

Question 24

urban hierarchy

Answer 24

ranking of cities based on their size and functional complexity

Question 25

rank-size rule

Answer 25

the nth largest city if 1/nth the size of the largest city.

ex; 5th largest is 1/5th the size of the largest.

Question 26

primate city

Answer 26

not dictated by rank size. it is by far more that twice the size of the “second” city

ex; paris, cairo

Question 27

three functions of cities
pg/t/sf

Answer 27

providing goods and services

transportation

specialized functions that contribute to the larger market

Question 28

cities as central places - christaller

Answer 28

pattern of small/medium/large places that are economically interdependent.

urban influence zones.

cities as centers of production and services.

Question 29

distance decay

Answer 29

land value drops the further you get from the CBD

Question 30

concentric zone model vs. sector model vs. multiple-nuclei model of cities

Answer 30

concentric - rings that surround the city

sector model - focused on arteries of transport, diff. ‘sectors’ for diff. purposes

multiple-nuclei - separately expanding areas with multiple nuclei, ex; LA

Question 31

advantages of a compact city
et/cb/e

Answer 31

easy transport via. subway

car bans can generate fee revenue

environmentally better

Question 32

planning goals of former soviet cities
ls/ess/z

Answer 32

limit sprawl, ensure self-sufficiency, zoning (on crack)

Question 33

changes in cities are caused by
ar/ww/hb

Answer 33

automobile reliance and highway development

work week limited to 40 hours

homeownership boom

Question 34

natural resource

Answer 34

a naturally occurring, exploitable material that a society perceives to be useful for its economic well-being

Question 35

energy

Answer 35

the ability to do work.

Question 36

energy efficiency

Answer 36

measures how complete the transition from potential to kinetic energy is

Question 37

nonrenewable fuels
co/ff/p/c/ng/sg/so/os/nff

Answer 37

crude oil, fossil fuels, petroleum, coal, natural gas, shale gas, shale oil, oil sands, nuclear fission/fusion

Question 38

renewable fuels
bf/h/se

Answer 38

biomass fuel, hydropower, solar energy

Question 39

photovoltaic cells

Answer 39

semiconductors made of silicon that generate electricity directly from solar rays

Question 40

ore

Answer 40

minerals that are in a high enough concentration to make mining feasible.

what is or is not an ore depends on demand, price, and technology changes.

Question 41

six steps of mineral exploitation
e/e/c/sr/t/m

Answer 41

exploration, extraction, concentration, smelting/refining, transporting, manufacturing

Question 42

sustainable development
s/f/s/f/p

Answer 42

satisfied current needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

soil, forests, species, fish, pollutants

YOU CANNOT EXPLOIT OVER THE RATE OF REPLENISHMENT

Question 43

types of coal (ranked by heat value)
l/b/a

Answer 43

lignite, bituminous, anthracite

Question 44

bitumen

Answer 44

thick, high carbon petroleum inside of oil sands and tar sands. more economical than oil shale. must be crushed and heated to create petroleum

Question 45

soil is made of:
m/om/w/a
s/i/a/c/s/p/m/o

Answer 45

minerals, organic matter, water, air

silicon, iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, oxygen

Question 46

wetlands

Answer 46

vegetated areas periodically or permanently saturated with water. transitional zoned between land and water. coastal and inland

(coastal is more protected)

Question 47

marshes v. swamps

Answer 47

marsh - grass wetland

swamp - tree wetland

Question 48

anthropocene

Answer 48

period in which human actions have radically altered the climate and other systems of the earth since 1945

Question 49

hypoxia

Answer 49

absence of oxygen, caused when algal blooms decompose and suck oxygen out of the water. kills everything in the water.

Question 50

water mining

Answer 50

water is being extracted nonrenewably.

Question 51

desalination

Answer 51

process of extracting salt from water to make it viable for use. byproducts can be harmful, ex; when brine settles on the ocean floor it kills everything