Chapters 1 - 5 (Midterm Preview)

Question 1

geography

Answer 1

study of spatial variation, how and why things differ from place to place on earth’s surface

Question 2

globalization

Answer 2

ocean-going trade and the resulting political ramifications from USA dominance post wwii

Question 3

site vs. situation

Answer 3

site: the exact physical location

situation: its position in a wider network

Question 4

natural landscape

Answer 4

physical setting, the legit area (ex; water availability, mountains, forests)

Question 5

cultural landscape

Answer 5

merging of human and natural landscapes (ex; humans creating irrigation and suburban sprawl)

Question 6

accessibility

Answer 6

how to overcome the friction of distance (ex; it’s easier to get from NYC to LA than from NYC to Cincinnati)

Question 7

connectivity

Answer 7

all tangible ways that places are connected

Question 8

spatial diffusion

Answer 8

progressive spread of a new thing or idea

Question 9

ptolemy

Answer 9

greek geographer and cartographer who was crazy influential in ancient mapmaking and is still relevant today. trigonometry

Question 10

the printing press and national surveys were both tools used to create ______.

Answer 10

maps.

Question 11

subsidence

Answer 11

sinking over time, when the ground begins to sink below sea level usually due to construction atop of it (ex; jakarta)

Question 12

mappa mundi

Answer 12

artworks in the west that were fanciful depictions of the world.

oriented to jerusalem in the east

unsure if they were even actually used to get around

Question 13

imago mundi

Answer 13

“the map of the world”

north is at the top, the oldest surviving map, may be a map of the cosmos

Question 14

eratosthenes

Answer 14

the first western geographer. first known calculation of the circumference of the earth.

Question 15

tropopause

Answer 15

boundary of the atmosphere and the stratosphere. weather happens here

Question 16

earth’s magnetic field is generated by…

Answer 16

movement in the outer core

Question 17

earth’s magnetic field _________ the earth from ____ _____________.

Answer 17

protects, sun radiation

Question 18

paradigm shifts

Answer 18

dramatic change in a field (ex; copernican revolution, evolutionary theory)

Question 19

main method of dating the earth (kiss kiss fall in love!!)

Answer 19

radiometric dating <3

Question 20

structure of the earth
c/l/a

Answer 20

crust

lithosphere

asthenosphere

Question 21

plate boundaries
c/d/t

Answer 21

convergent: two plates come together

divergent: two plates spread apart

transform: two plates slide past one another (typically ocean)

Question 22

older tectonic plates _____.

Answer 22

sink

Question 23

oceanic tectonic plates are _____ dense than continental plates.

Answer 23

more

Question 24

mineral
h/d/cs

Answer 24

a chemical combination with a harness, density, and crystal structure of its own

Question 25

rock types
i-ie/s/m

Answer 25

igneous: formed by cooling of molten rock. (intrusive cool slowly in the earth and have big crystals, extrusive cool quickly outside the earth and have tiny crystals)

sedimentary: make of eroded, layered particles

metamorphic: rock that gets cooked by heat and pressure

Question 26

diastrophism

Answer 26

when continental plates warp and deform because of pressure

Question 27

volcanism

Answer 27

the force that transports heated material to the earth’s surface

Question 28

anticline vs. syncline

Answer 28

a: upfold, like an A

s: downfold, like a V

Question 29

gradational forces
mw/cw/mw/w/i/l

Answer 29

basically just weathering. any force that wears away earth’s surface

mechanical weathering: roots, salt, big breaky!

chemical weathering: oxidation, hydrolysis, fizzy reactions

mass wasting: rock. fall. 🤯

water: running water cuts through rock

ice: glaciers leave scratches in the earth, permafrost wears dirt down

loess: wind deposited silt

Question 30

karst topography

Answer 30

a region rich in limestone and marked by sinkholes, caverns, and underground streams

caused when water enters cracks in the ground

(ex; florida)

Question 31

malthusian vs. cornucopian view

Answer 31

m: unchecked population growth means we all enter a starving cycle (ex; tragedy of the commons)

c: population growth equals innovation and we only temporarily starve

Question 32

the demographic transition

Answer 32

stage 1: high birth, high death

stage 2: high birth, death drop

stage 3: birth drop, low death (city migration and industrialization)

stage 4: equal birth and death

stage 5: lower birth than death

Question 33

demographic momentum

Answer 33

tendency for growing populations to keep growing bc of youngsters, even as fertility rate drops

Question 34

demographic equation

Answer 34

future pop = current pop + birth + immigration - death - emigration

Question 35

the epidemiological transition

Answer 35

modernization shifts cause of death from infectious disease to chronic disease.

this is a result of an aging population.

Question 36

the j-curve depicts a population ___________.

Answer 36

doubling.

Question 37

population pyramid
d/s/d/e

Answer 37

decline, stable, disrupted, expansive

Question 38

natural increase formula

Answer 38

crude birth rate - crude death rate

Question 39

doubling time

Answer 39

the time needed to double a population if it continued to grow at the same rate

70 years for 1% growth

35 years for 2% growth

Question 40

population geography

Answer 40

the distribution, size, and composition of humans

Question 41

ecumene

Answer 41

permanently inhabited areas of the earth’s surface

Question 42

nonecumene

Answer 42

uninhabited/sparsely populated zone

Question 43

homeostatic plateau

Answer 43

when the population is equivalent to the carrying capacity

Question 44

4 great population clusters
sa/ea/e/ns

Answer 44

south asia, east asia, europe, northeastern USA/southeastern canada

Question 45

physiological density

Answer 45

number of people / habitable land

Question 46

agricultural density

Answer 46

number of people / habitable, rural, agricultural land

shows the agricultural burden

Question 47

pre-modern vs. early modern societies

Answer 47

divided by year 1500