Ch 11 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What parts of the brain initiate autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses?
Hypothalamus, pons, and medulla
What does it mean if an organ is under antagonistic control?
The organ is innervated by an excitatory and inhibitory branch
What structure(s) is/are under tonic control and not antagonistic control?
Arterioles and veins are under tonic control by the sympathetic nervous system
What is the adrenergic receptor of the pupil?
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses?
Alpha receptor
Sympathetic response is to dilate
Parasympathetic response is to constrict
What is the adrenergic receptor of the salivary glands?
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses?
Alpha and beta 2
Sympathetic response is mucus and enzymes
Parasympathetic response is watery secretion
What is the adrenergic receptor of the heart?
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses?
Beta1 receptor
Sympathetic response is to increase rate and force of contraction
Parasympathetic response is to slow heart rate
What is the adrenergic receptor of the lungs?
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses?
Receptor is Beta 2, but hormonal epinephrine only
Sympathetic response is dilation of bronchioles
Parasympathetic response is constriction of bronchioles
What is the adrenergic receptor of the digestive tract?
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses?
Alpha 1 and beta 2
Sympathetic response is decrease motility and secretion
Parasympathetic response is increase motility and secretion
What is the adrenergic receptor of the exocrine pancreas?
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses?
Alpha receptor
Sympathetic response is decrease enzyme secretion
Parasympathetic response is increase enzyme secretion
What is the adrenergic receptor of the endocrine pancreas?
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses?
Alpha receptor
Sympathetic response is to inhibit insulin secretion
Parasympathetic response is to stimulate insulin secretion
What kind of receptor mediates all parasympathetic responses?
Muscarinic receptor
Where does the sympathetic nervous system primarily leave the spinal cord?
Thoracic vertebrae
Where does the parasympathetic nervous system primarily leave the spinal cord?
Brain stem and sacral vertebrae
What is the translation of vagus nerve?
Wandering nerve
What nerve contains about 75% of all parasympathetic fibers?
Vagus nerve
What information does the vagus nerve transmit?
Contains 75% of all parasympathetic fibers
Sensory information from internal organs to brain
Output from brain to organs
What neurotransmitters are used at the first and second synapses from the spinal cord in the sympathetic nervous system?
What receptors are at these synapses?
The first synapse contains a nicotinic receptor with the neurotransmitter being ACh.
The second synapse contains an adrenergic receptor with the neurotransmitter being Norepinephrine.
What neurotransmitters are used at the first and second synapses from the spinal cord in the parasympathetic nervous system?
What receptors are at these synapses?
Both synapses use the neurotransmitter ACh.
The first synapse contains a nicotinic receptor.
The second synapse contains a muscarinic receptor.
What is the name of the second synapse from the CNS in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Neuroaffector junction
Why is it ineffective for a nicotinic receptor to be a GPCR?
Nicotinic receptors are generally found in the synapses between neurons. This means they need to generate an action potential, so they are ion channels (for Na+) instead of GPCRs.
Why would it be ineffective for adrenergic or muscarinic receptors to be ionotropic?
Adrenergic and muscarinic receptors are generally found in the neuroaffector junction, so they do not need to initiate ion channels for generating an action potential. Instead they are GPCRs to create a cascade.
What feature of autonomic nerves release neurotransmitter over the surface of target cells?
Autonomic varicosities
What is the postganglionic neurotransmitter of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Sympathetic is norepinephrine
Parasympathetic is Acetylcholine
What are the receptor types of the post-ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Sympathetic is alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic
Parasympathetic is nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic
