Ch7

Question 1

What are the three classes of hormones?

Answer 1

Peptide, steroid, and amine

Question 2

Where is the receptor for peptide hormones?

Answer 2

Membrane surface

Question 3

What are the three stages of molecular development for a peptide hormone?

Answer 3

Preprohormone, prohormone, peptide hormone

Question 4

What is the most common class of hormone?

Answer 4

Peptide

Question 5

What is a preprohormone? Where/how does it migrate?

Answer 5

The peptide chain as it leaves the ribosome. Migrates to ER lumen by a signal sequence of amino acids

Question 6

What creates a prohormone?

Answer 6

Enzymes in the ER chop off the signal sequence of the preprohormone

Question 7

When does a mature peptide hormone form?

Answer 7

In the secretory vesicles from the golgi enzymes chop the prohormone into one or more active peptides with additional fragments.

Question 8

Can peptide hormones be stored?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Can steroid hormones be stored?

Answer 9

No, they are derived from cholesterol and lipophilic. Made on demand

Question 10

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones?

Answer 10

Intracellular

Question 11

What molecules in the blood make steroid hormones more water soluble?

Answer 11

Carrier proteins

Question 12

There are 2 broad categories of responses hormones initiate. What are they and how rapid are they?

Answer 12

Genomic responses take hour to days

Non-genomic responses are immediate

Question 13

What two amino acids are the building blocks of amine hormones?

Answer 13

Tryptophan and tyrosine

Question 14

What kind of hormone is melatonin?

Answer 14

Amine

Question 15

What kind of hormone is epinephrine?

Answer 15

Catecholamine (amine)

Question 16

What kind of hormone is norepinephrine?

Answer 16

Catecholamine (amine)

Question 17

What kind of hormone is Dopamine?

Answer 17

Catecholamine (amine)

Question 18

What kind of hormone are T3/T4?

Answer 18

Amine

Question 19

What kind of amine hormones can be stored?

Answer 19

Catecholamines

Question 20

What kind of amine hormones cannot be stored?

Answer 20

Thyroid hormones

Question 21

What kind of hormone are sex hormones?

Answer 21

Steroid hormones

Question 22

What kind of hormone is cortisol?

Answer 22

Steroid

Question 23

What kind of hormone is aldosterone?

Answer 23

Steroid

Question 24

What is the classic pathway in the endocrine system? What is an example of an endocrine organ that acts in this way?

Answer 24

Simplest reflex control pathway. Te endocrine cell directly senses a stimulus and responds. The parathyroid gland does this

Question 25

What are the three major groups/souces of neurohormones?

Answer 25

Posterior pituitary hormones (synthesized in hypothalamus) Trophic hormones from hypothalamus that act on anterior pituitary gland Catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Question 26

What is the mechanism of release for all neurohormones?

Answer 26

Action potential in neurosecretory neuron

Question 27

What two hormones are released from the neurohypophysis?

Answer 27

Oxytocin and ADH

Question 28

What are the 6 hormones of the adenohypophysis?

Answer 28

FSH LH ACTH TSH Prolactin GH

Question 29

What are three types of hormone interactions within a cell?

Answer 29

Synergism, permissiveness, antagonism

Question 30

What is synergism in the endocrine system?

Answer 30

combined actions of hormones A and B = A alone + B alone

Question 31

What is permissiveness in the endocrine system?

Answer 31

Hormone A will not exert full effect without hormone B

Question 32

What is antagonism in the endocrine system?

Answer 32

Hormone B diminishes the effect of hormone A

Question 33

What does it mean if a pathology is iatrogenic?

Answer 33

Doctor-caused

Question 34

What is primary and secondary pathology for endocrine issues?

Answer 34

Primary pathologies arise in last integrating center in the reflex Secondary pathologies arise in one of the trophic integrating centers Ex. Primary pathology for hypercortisolism is tumor of the adrenal cortex. Secondary pathology is tumor in hypothalamus overproducing CRH