Ch 11

Question 1

what elements are liquid?

Answer 1

bromine and mercury

Question 2

if attractive forces exceed the average kinetic energy, the substance will exist in its

Answer 2

condensed phase (liquid or solid)

Question 3

to go from condense to gas

Answer 3

average kinetic energy must be greater than the IMF to go from condensed to gas

Question 4

ideal gases

Answer 4

has negligible forces between molecules, and negligible volume

Question 5

ideal vs real gases

Answer 5

at low temps, they are the same but at higher temps, they deviate

Question 6

a value of van Der waals

Answer 6

stronger IMF is larger a

Question 7

b value of van Der waals

Answer 7

larger mol is larger b

Question 8

normal anything

Answer 8

is at 1 atm

Question 9

vaporization

Answer 9

convert liquid to a gas

Question 10

condensation

Answer 10

gas to liquid

Question 11

large imfs

Answer 11

substance must be raised to a high temp so molecules have enough kin energy to melt or vaporize

Question 12

small imfs

Answer 12

substance must be cooled to a low temp so its molecules can condense

Question 13

when drawing IMFs

Answer 13

must have two molecules to show

Question 14

non polar bonds

Answer 14

ch, sih and csi

Question 15

h bonding requirements

Answer 15

FON and H

Question 16

inter vs intra

Answer 16

intermolecular: is between other mol
intra: covalent bonds

Question 17

liquid properties

Answer 17

surface tension, capillary action, viscosity,

Question 18

temperature graph molecule draw

Answer 18

x= kinetic energy
y= number of molecules

higher temp will be higher near the end but lower at the beginning

Question 19

vapor pressure

Answer 19

pressure of vapour above the condensed phase. DEPENDENT ON TEMPERATURE
high imp is low
intensive property (independent of density)
increases with increasing temperature

Question 20

molecular solids

Answer 20

• can contain the molecule

these are all the IMF molecules

Question 21

network solids (covalent)

Answer 21

have very high melting points

- like diamond, silicon etc.

Question 22

diamond

Answer 22

3d of carbon

Question 23

graphite

Answer 23

2d and brittle

Question 24

metallic solids

Answer 24

delocalized sea of nuclei that are malleable

Question 25

ionic solids

Answer 25

must be electrically neutral, ionic compounds

Question 26

superconductors

Answer 26

carry immense current without resistance losses

Question 27

crystalline solids

Answer 27

solids that have symmetrical patterns

Question 28

amorphous solids

Answer 28

irregular in structure with no pattern

Question 29

amorphous solids vs liquids

Answer 29

amorphous solids resemble liquids in that their molecules are not organized

Question 30

properties of crystals

Answer 30

1. parallel faces and edges with good angles 2. fragmentation occurs along crystal edges. small crystals have same angles as larger ones 3. has a high degree of symmetry

Question 31

unit cells

Answer 31

smallest repeating unit

Question 32

simple cubic

Answer 32

1/8 on each and 1 total

Question 33

body centred cubic

Answer 33

1/8 edge, 1 in centre and total 2

Question 34

face entered cubic

Answer 34

1/2 at each centre, 1/8 per corner total 4

Question 35

deposition is

Answer 35

gas to solid

Question 36

solid to liquid

Answer 36

is melting/ fusion

Question 37

when something becomes more condensed phase

Answer 37

energy is released

Question 38

going from solid to liquid vs liquid to solid

Answer 38

reverse signs

Question 39

heat of fusion and heat of freezing relate

Answer 39

equal and opposite

Question 40

c of water

Answer 40

4.184

Question 41

triple point

Answer 41

temperature and pressure at which s,l and g phases are all equilibrium

Question 42

critical point

Answer 42

the temperature and pressure at which a gas can no longer be condensed

Question 43

drawing a phase diagram

Answer 43

``` x= temperature y= pressure ```

Question 44

phase diagram for water

Answer 44

has a slightly negative slope of the freezing point line (indicates that the solid is less dense than the liquid)

Question 45

in most phase diagrams

Answer 45

- high pressure will make solid - solid is more dense than liquid - molecules are closest in solid phase - solid liquid coexistence line has a positive slope

Question 46

in water phase diagram

Answer 46

- high pressure will cause solid to become liquid - solid liquid line is negative - solid is less dense than liquid - molecules are closest in liquid phase

Question 47

PV/NRT at ideal gas?

Answer 47

equals 1

Question 48

surface tension

Answer 48

cohesive force, pulls gas back into the liquid | high imf is high surface tension

Question 49

capillary action

Answer 49

adhesive forces between water and other substance

Question 50

evaporation

Answer 50

molecules of a liquid with sufficient KE to overcome IMF will escape into the gas phase

Question 51

types of solids

Answer 51

- molecular solids - metallic solids - network solids - ionic solids

Question 52

solids that are symmetrical

Answer 52

crystaline | - diamond, sugar, salt

Question 53

solids that are irregular

Answer 53

amorphous | glass, wax, cotton candy

Question 54

quartz

Answer 54

crystalline form of silicon dioxide

Question 55

silica

Answer 55

amorphous form of silicon dioxide

Question 56

viscosity

Answer 56

high viscosity is high imf

Question 57

pico

Answer 57

10^-12

Question 58

MILI

Answer 58

10^-3

Question 59

MICRO

Answer 59

10^-6