Ch 11 hard

Question 1

What do animals need to live, grow, and reproduce?

Answer 1

Energy

All living things require energy for survival and growth.

Question 2

What type of organisms are animals classified as?

Answer 2

Consumers

Animals cannot produce their own food like plants.

Question 3

How do animals obtain energy?

Answer 3

By eating other organisms

Animals must rely on external sources for their energy needs.

Question 4

What is the purpose of an animal’s digestive system?

Answer 4

To break down food and absorb nutrients

The digestive system is essential for processing food.

Question 5

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 5

The process of crushing and grinding food into small particles

This process often begins in the mouth.

Question 6

What special structures may be found in an animal’s mouth?

Answer 6

Jaws and teeth

These structures assist in mechanical digestion.

Question 7

What do animals without teeth use to grind food?

Answer 7

A muscular organ called a gizzard

Gizzards are common in animals like earthworms and birds.

Question 8

What occurs during chemical digestion?

Answer 8

The stomach and intestines use chemicals to break down food molecules

This process converts food into nutrients.

Question 9

How are nutrients absorbed into the body?

Answer 9

Through the intestines into the bloodstream

Nutrient absorption is critical for energy and health.

Question 10

What is expelled from the body after digestion?

Answer 10

Leftover matter that can’t be digested

This waste is expelled through an anus.

Question 11

What is a complete digestive system?

Answer 11

A digestive system with a mouth and an anus

It allows for separate openings for food intake and waste expulsion.

Question 12

What is an incomplete digestive system?

Answer 12

A system with a single opening for food intake and waste expulsion

This type of system is less efficient than a complete system.

Question 13

What are vertebrates known for in relation to their digestive systems?

Answer 13

Having additional organs that aid digestion

These organs enhance the digestive process.

Question 14

What are tapeworms and how do they obtain nutrients?

Answer 14

Parasites that absorb nutrients through their skin

They live inside the digestive tracts of other animals.

Question 15

What are herbivores?

Answer 15

Animals that feed on plants

They play a critical role in ecosystems by obtaining energy from plant sources.

Question 16

What part of plants do many herbivores feed on?

Answer 16

Leaves, fruit, seeds, or nectar

Herbivores have adapted to consume specific plant parts.

Question 17

What challenges do animals face when eating leaves and stems?

Answer 17

Leaves and stems are hard to digest and low in energy.

This poses special problems for herbivores that consume these parts.

Question 18

What adaptations do herbivores have for consuming leaves and twigs?

Answer 18

Mouthparts made for cutting, chewing, or scraping.

Examples include slugs and snails with radula and insects with mandibles.

Question 19

What is a radula?

Answer 19

A file-like structure in slugs and snails used for rasping surfaces of leaves.

It functions similarly to a cheese grater.

Question 20

What types of teeth do leaf-eating mammals have?

Answer 20

Blade-shaped incisors and flattened molars.

These adaptations help in cutting and grinding tough plant tissues.

Question 21

How do plant-eating animals digest their food?

Answer 21

They usually have long digestive tracts and digest food slowly.

This process helps extract more energy from their food.

Question 22

Why do many animals eat fruits?

Answer 22

Fruits are rich in energy-rich sugars.

They are not always the main part of an animal’s diet.

Question 23

Which animals rely heavily on fruit for energy?

Answer 23

Toucans, orangutans, and fruit bats.

These animals are adapted to consume fruits.

Question 24

What is a challenge associated with eating seeds?

Answer 24

Many seeds have hard protective shells.

This requires specialized adaptations to access the seeds.

Question 25

What adaptations do seed-eaters have?

Answer 25

Structures for cracking, gnawing, or boring into seed shells. ## Footnote These adaptations help them access the softer seeds inside.

Question 26

What types of fluids do some animals feed on?

Answer 26

Sap from stems or nectar from flowers. ## Footnote These fluids are energy-rich sources for certain animals.

Question 27

How do aphids feed on plants?

Answer 27

Aphid mouthparts are modified for piercing a plant’s stem to suck out sap. ## Footnote This allows them to access energy-rich fluids.

Question 28

What adaptations do butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds have for feeding?

Answer 28

Long mouthparts or beaks for reaching deep into flowers. ## Footnote This helps them access sugar-laden nectar.

Question 29

What do some nectar drinkers, like bees, also consume?

Answer 29

Protein-rich pollen. ## Footnote This provides an additional nutritional source.

Question 30

How do some animals obtain energy from wood?

Answer 30

They have bacteria or protists in their guts that break down the wood. ## Footnote This process releases nutrients that can be absorbed.

Question 31

What types of animals are primarily wood-eaters?

Answer 31

Most wood-eating animals are insects, like termites. ## Footnote They possess adaptations for digesting wood.

Question 32

What are carnivores?

Answer 32

Animals that get most or all of their energy from eating other animals. ## Footnote They have specialized adaptations for hunting and consuming prey.

Question 33

What adaptations do carnivores have for catching prey?

Answer 33

Specialized body parts and behaviors. ## Footnote Examples include physical tools and hunting techniques.

Question 34

How do some carnivores, like jellyfish, subdue their prey?

Answer 34

They use venom. ## Footnote Venomous animals have various methods to deliver their poisons.

Question 35

What methods do venomous animals use to deliver their poisons?

Answer 35

Stingers in wasps and fangs of rattlesnakes. ## Footnote These adaptations help them effectively subdue prey.

Question 36

What challenge do carnivores face when preying on mollusks?

Answer 36

The hard shells of their prey ## Footnote Mollusks have protective shells that make them difficult to access for predators.

Question 37

How does a starfish capture its prey?

Answer 37

By using its many tube feet to latch onto a clam's shell and pry it open ## Footnote Starfish are known for their unique feeding methods, particularly on bivalves like clams.

Question 38

What is an ambush predator?

Answer 38

A predator that lies disguised, waiting for their food to come to them ## Footnote Ambush predators rely on stealth and patience rather than speed.

Question 39

How quickly can a stonefish catch its prey?

Answer 39

In less than a tenth of a second ## Footnote Stonefish are known for their rapid suction feeding technique.

Question 40

What sensory ability does a mantis rely on to detect prey?

Answer 40

Keen eyesight ## Footnote Mantis are known for their excellent visual acuity, which aids in hunting.

Question 41

What adaptations do big cats like cheetahs have for hunting?

Answer 41

Speed, strength, excellent vision, sharp teeth, and claws ## Footnote These adaptations make big cats highly effective hunters.

Question 42

What is the purpose of the sticky silk in a spider's web?

Answer 42

To trap prey ## Footnote Only the capture silk is sticky, allowing spiders to walk on nonsticky parts safely.

Question 43

What type of traps do orb spiders spin?

Answer 43

Strong, sticky traps made of silk ## Footnote The structure of the web is designed for efficient prey capture.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: Most predators have one or more highly developed ______ for detecting prey.

Answer 44

[senses] ## Footnote Highly developed senses are crucial for successful hunting in predators.

Question 45

True or False: All carnivores rely on chasing down their prey.

Answer 45

False ## Footnote Some carnivores, like ambush predators, use different strategies to capture food.

Question 46

What is filter feeding?

Answer 46

A method of obtaining energy by straining tiny food items from water ## Footnote Filter feeders often have specialized structures to aid in this process

Question 47

Give an example of a filter feeder.

Answer 47

Whale shark ## Footnote The whale shark is the world's largest fish and actively pursues food

Question 48

What percentage of a black bear's diet is plant matter?

Answer 48

About 85% ## Footnote Black bears primarily consume grasses, tree shoots, fruits, and nuts

Question 49

What type of animals are scavengers?

Answer 49

Animals that eat dead animals ## Footnote Vultures are examples of scavengers that specialize in this diet

Question 50

What adaptation do vultures have for finding food?

Answer 50

Broad wings for soaring ## Footnote They can search for food over long distances while flying

Question 51

True or False: All herbivores only eat plant matter.

Answer 51

False ## Footnote Many herbivores may consume some animal sources for protein

Question 52

Fill in the blank: An _______ will eat both plant and animal matter.

Answer 52

omnivore

Question 53

What do hummingbirds supplement their diet with?

Answer 53

Small flying insects ## Footnote Hummingbirds primarily feed on nectar but will eat insects for protein

Question 54

What type of food might carnivores occasionally consume?

Answer 54

Plant matter ## Footnote Some carnivores do not avoid eating grasses or fruits when available

Question 55

What is one way that sponges obtain food?

Answer 55

Absorbing food particles from water ## Footnote Collar cells in sponges facilitate this process