Ch 11 Organic Compounds

Question 1

What is the simplest Alkane

Answer 1

Methane. CH4

Question 2

Alkane functional group structure

Answer 2

C-C (with ONLY hydrogens as R groups)
CH4, C2H6, C3H8, etc

Question 3

Name 6 Alkanes

Answer 3

MethANE (1C)
EthANE (2C)
PropANE (3C)
ButANE (4C)
PentANE (5C)
HeptANE (7C)

Question 4

What is the molecule?

Answer 4

Pentane

Question 5

Are alkane chains flexible or rigid?

Answer 5

Flexible. It can have a large number of conformations.

Question 6

What are two conformations of Butane?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is an Alkyl group?
What is the alkyl group of one carbon?

Answer 7

An alkane minus one hydrogen.
Methyl CH3-

Question 8

Name the alkyl group

Answer 8

Isopropyl

Question 9

What is the isomer of propyl?

Answer 9

Isopropyl

Question 10

What is an isomer?

Answer 10

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different arrangements of atoms.

Question 11

How can you tell the difference between an alkane and an alkyl group in line structures?

Answer 11

Alkanes do not have R groups. They are carbon and hydrogen only.

Question 12

As your carbon backbone or (R group) becomes larger, does the molecule become more or less polar?

Answer 12

Less polar. Becomes even more hydrophobic.

Question 13

What are four hydrocarbon functional groups? What chemical property do they share?

Answer 13

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics
All flammable.

Question 14

What is the generic formula for a saturated Alkane?

Answer 14

CnH2n+2

Question 15

What does it mean to be a saturated molecule?

Answer 15

Contain maximum number of hydrogen atoms for a given number of carbons.

Question 16

Are compounds that have double bonds or form rings saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 16

Unsaturated. Forming double bonds or rings “costs” hydrogens.

Question 17

What is the simplest alkene?

Answer 17

Ethene

Question 18

Are alkenes more or less flexible than alkanes?

Answer 18

Less. Double bond restricts the rotation of carbons.

Question 19

What is sterioisomerism?
What does cis-trans isomerism look like?

Answer 19

Form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.

Question 20

Are Alkenes or Alkanes more reactive?

Answer 20

Alkenes

Question 21

Are trans or cis double bonds more stable? aka harder to break

Answer 21

Trans. source for trans fat

Question 22

Simplest Alkyne

Answer 22

Ethyne, C2H2

Question 23

When a benzene ring is added to a compound, what is it called?

Answer 23

a phenyl group

Question 24

Haloalkanes are commonly used in?

Answer 24

Inhalation anesthetics

Question 25

What are organohalogens?

Answer 25

Organic compounds that contain one OR more halogen atoms (group 7a)

Question 25

What are the halogen atoms used in organohalogens

Answer 25

F, Cl, Br, I

Question 26

A halogen added to an alkane creates a?

Answer 26

Haloalkane

Question 27

If the R group, attached to an alcohol has 3 or less carbons, is the molecule soluble or insoluble in water?

Answer 27

Soluble.

Question 28

Aromatic alcohols (benzene + OH) are commonly called?

Answer 28

Phenols

Question 29

What IV anesthetic contains a phenol and 2 isopropyl groups?

Answer 29

Propofol

Question 30

Is propofol soluble in water?

Answer 30

no, there are 12 carbons and one alcohol group. propofol is an emulsion of soybean oil and water.

Question 31

Most contemporary inhalation anesthetics are? Name 4

Answer 31

Halogenated Ethers -Enflurane -Sevoflurane -Desflurane -Isoflurane

Question 32

Are ethers generally stable or reactive?

Answer 32

Stable, nonreactive

Question 33

What functional group is derived from Ammonia?

Answer 33

Amines

Question 34

What is considered the most soluble functional group?

Answer 34

Amines

Question 35

How do Amines react when placed in a system with an acid?

Answer 35

Acts as a base and accepts a proton. Making it the conjugate acid.

Question 36

The more hydrogen bonds a molecule has the more _____ it is in water

Answer 36

Soluble

Question 37

Amines play a critical role in two processes within the human body; name them

Answer 37

DNA and protein synthesis

Question 38

What does it mean to be a heteroaromatic compound?

Answer 38

Heteroaromatic compounds have one or more atoms other than carbon in the ring.

Question 39

The conjugate acid of an amine is called? What is its relationship with water?

Answer 39

an ammonium salt. Much more soluble than the neutral base.

Question 40

Functional groups based on/off water

Answer 40

Alcohols, Amines, Ethers

Question 41

Describe what occurs in an oxidation reaction of organic compounds

Answer 41

There is an increasing number of bonds to an oxygen atom, usually accompanied by a decrease in bonds of hydrogen atoms

Question 42

Describe what occurs in a reduction reaction of organic compounds.

Answer 42

There is a decreased number of bonds to an oxygen atom, usually accompanied by an increase in bonds to hydrogen atoms

Question 43

Alcohols are oxidized to give?

Answer 43

Ketones or Aldehydes

Question 44

Aldehydes and Ketones are reduced to form?

Answer 44

Alcohols