ThermodynamicConcepts&Equations

Question 1

the equation for Celcius to Kelvin

Answer 1

Celcius plus 273.15

Question 2

What is 0 degrees celsius in Kelvin

Answer 2

273.15K

Question 3

What is 32 degrees Fahrenheit in Kelvin

Answer 3

273.15K

Question 4

What is 32 degrees Fahrenheit in Celcius

Answer 4

0 C

Question 5

equation from Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 5

C= 5/9(F-32)

Question 6

Equation from Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 6

F=9/5C + 32

Question 7

Is thermal energy kinetic or potential

Answer 7

Kinetic. Molecules are moving around which changes the amount of energy in a system

Question 8

is gravitational energy potential or kinetic

Answer 8

Potential

Question 9

Is mechanical energy potential or kinetic

Answer 9

BOTH

Question 10

How is temperature measured?

Answer 10

in Celcius, Fahrenheit, and usually Kelvin

Question 11

What is temperature?

Answer 11

A measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy within a medium/system.

an arbitrary measure of the amount of energy within a solid, liquid, or gas

Question 12

What is thermal energy?

Answer 12

A measure of the TOTAL amount of energy that exists in a system. A measure of TOTAL kinetic energy of the particles in a moving system.

Question 13

How is thermal energy measured?

Answer 13

Joules (J) = kg x m^2/s^2

Question 14

How is heat measured

Answer 14

joules

Question 15

What is the symbol for heat, a form of thermal energy

Answer 15

q

Question 16

What is heat

Answer 16

the flow of thermal energy. Thermal energy being transferred from a hot object to a colder one.

Question 17

What is Internal Energy (U)

Answer 17

the amount of CHEMICAL energy that is stored in a substance.
The SUM of:
stored chemical energy in atoms (both PE and KE), stored chemical energy in molecules(chemical bonds), and stored chemical energy between molecules (intermolecular)

Question 18

Internal Energy is also known as

Answer 18

“heat content”

Question 19

Main concept of The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 19

Equiliburum

Question 20

Main concept of The First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 20

Conservation

Question 21

Main concept of The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 21

Entropy (disorder)

Question 22

Main concept of The Third Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 22

residual entropy, derived from second law

Question 23

The Zero Law states what about heat flow

Answer 23

At thermal equilibrium, there is NO net heat flow.

Question 24

Would hot or cold air have more kinetic energy? why?

Answer 24

Hot. Particles moving around faster

Question 25

Would hot or cold air have more entropy? Why?

Answer 25

Hot. More movement of particles means more chaos.

Question 26

Would hot or cold air have less entropy? Why?

Answer 26

Cold. slower moving particles, more organized means less entropy.

Question 27

What gas equation can be derived from the understanding the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

Answer 27

p1v1/n1 = p2v2/n2 Because when T is constant, PV=nRT can become PV/n = RT

Question 28

Describe the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 28

Total energy in an isolated system is CONSTANT even when the system is changed from one phase to another. 100J in a system will always be 100J. But the ratio can change. you have 60J heat and 40J work, or 50/50. It will always be 100 for that system. Also, if average kinetic energy goes up (temperature), then total KE will also go up (thermal energy)

Question 29

What is the relationship between C (specific heat) and DeltaT (change in Tf-Ti) in the equation q=mC(deltaT)

Answer 29

Specific heat and delta T are inversely related. A substance with a Higher Specific Heat will have a smaller change in temperature. A substance with a lower specific heat will have a larger temperature change.

Question 30

What is the equation for: change in internal energy of a system

Answer 30

DeltaU = Q +/- W

Question 31

Q is greater than 0 when?

Answer 31

Energy flows into the system. Endothermic process.

Question 32

An endothermic process has energy that flows?

Answer 32

Into the system (+)

Question 33

Q is less than 0 when?

Answer 33

Energy flows out of the system and into the surrounds. Exothermic Process

Question 34

An exothermic process has energy that?

Answer 34

Flows out of the system (-)

Question 35

W is greater than zero (+) when? Give an example.

Answer 35

Work is done by the system to the surroundings. Such as gas expansion.

Question 36

W is less than zero (-) when? Give an example

Answer 36

Work is done on the system by the surroundings, such as compression of a gas with the piston. (diaphgram contraction?)

Question 37

When heat is being added to the system, Q is positive or negative?

Answer 37

Positive - endothermic

Question 38

When heat is leaving the system and escaping to the surroundings, Q is positive or negative?

Answer 38

Negative - exothermic

Question 39

Bing

Answer 39

Bong

Question 40

If deltaU is negative, what does that mean regarding the system's temperature?

Answer 40

Temperature is decreasing