Ch. 12 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Alzheimer’s disease
a gradually progressive loss of memory, often occurring in old age
- early onset : genes
- late onset : half don’t have relatives that had AD
associated w an accumulation and clumping of :
- Amyloid beta protein : causes plaques to appear from damaged axons/dendrites
- abnormal form of tau protein : causes tangles
amnesia
memory loss
classical conditioning
pairing two stimuli changes the response to one of them
conditioned response (CR)
an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.
conditioned stimulus (CS)
initially elicits no response of note but can eventually trigger a conditioned response.
consolidate
strengthen into long term memory
delayed response task
which you respond to something
that you saw or heard a short while ago
instrumental conditioning
- operant conditioning
individual’s response followed by reinforcer or punishment
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Brain damage caused by prolonged thiamine(vitamin B1) deficiency
- brain can’t metabolize glucose
- loss/ shrinkage of neurons
- typically result from alcoholism
- confabulation ( guessing)
Punishment
Events that decrease the probability that the response will occur again
Reinforcer
Events that increase the probability that the response will occur again
Unconditioned response (UCR)
is an automatic response to a stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
a stimulus that leads to an automatic response.
Working memory
alternative to short-term memory
– Emphasis on temporary storage of information to actively attend to it and work on it for a period of time
Anterograde amnesia
loss of ability to form new memory after the brain damage
Delayed matching-to-sample task
an animal sees an object (the sample) and after a delay, gets a choice between
two objects, from which it must choose the one that matches the sample
Episodic memories
Memories of personal events
Explicit memory
(Declarative memory)
- Deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as
a memory
Implicit memory
The influence of experience on behavior even if one does not recognize that influence
Procedural memory
- Development of motor skills and habits
– Special kind of implicit memory
Retrograde amnesia
loss of memory of events prior to the occurrence of the brain damage
Semantic memories
Memories of factual information
Time cells
some place cells also function as time cells that respond at a particular point in a sequence of time
Habituation
a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus
that is accompanied by no change in other stimuli
