Ch. 12-13

Question 1

stratified society:

Answer 1

a society in which there is a permanent hierarchy that gives some members wealth, power and prestige access –> the Royal Family

Question 2

non stratified society:

Answer 2

egalitarian (the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities) in nature, still has inequalities

Question 3

5 categories of inequality:

Answer 3

class, caste (membership is based on inherited social roles, can’t change caste), race, ethnicity, nationality

Question 4

social inequality creates..

Answer 4

unequal access to resources like water, health care, etc

Question 5

example of fictive kinship..

Answer 5

patron and client relationships

Question 6

racialism:

Answer 6

belief in the existence of biologically distinct races

Question 7

social race:

Answer 7

an achieved status with a racial label

Question 8

objectification and reification

Answer 8

construction of specific public identities.. produces ethnicity vs. negative racial/ethnic absolutism- violent elimination of groups, foundation of racism.

Question 9

nation-state:

Answer 9

an ideal political unit in which national identity and politics coincide

Question 10

transformist hegemony:

Answer 10

a nationalist program to define nationality in a way that preserves the cultural domination of the ruling group, ensures citizen loyalty

Question 11

essentialized identities:

Answer 11

invented traditions.. the kilt in Scotland was a uniform, now marks Scottish ethnicity

Question 12

modernization theory:

Answer 12

theory that argues that social change occurring in Non-Western nations was necessary and inevitable social development.. match ‘modern’ nations or you’re traditional

Question 13

dependency theory:

Answer 13

theory that argues that the success of ‘independent’ capitalist nations required the failure of ‘dependent’ nations.. the success of few for the failure of many

Question 14

world system theory:

Answer 14

system that argues that European capitalism linked regions and people into a world system economically, but not politically

Question 15

core

Answer 15

In worls system theory, nations specializing in banking, highly skilled industrial production

Question 16

periphery

Answer 16

exploited countries who supply to core

Question 17

semi periphery

Answer 17

used to be periphery but now reached core status

Question 18

substance citizenship

Answer 18

the actions one takes regardless of citizenship In order to brg abiut change

Question 19

fexible citizenship

Answer 19

ppl who regularly move across state boundaries (benefitical)