Ch. 9-11

Question 1

medical anthro:

Answer 1

the study of beliefs, practices and behaviour that promotes health/wellness while avoiding disease/illness in society/culture

Question 2

traditional knowledge:

Answer 2

knowledge that is culturally held and passed on generations

Question 3

well-being:

Answer 3

a state of general physical and mental comfort

Question 4

health:

Answer 4

describes one’s general social, psychological, and physical condition
-can they function in society?

Question 5

illness:

Answer 5

a state of general physical and mental discomfort

Question 6

disease:

Answer 6

biomedical condition by a biological irregularity in an organism

Question 7

ethnomedical is ______
vs.
biomedical is ______

Answer 7

traditional vs modern

Question 8

morbidity:

Answer 8

refers to the disease state of an individual, or the incidence of illness in a population

Question 9

mortality:

Answer 9

refers to the state of being mortal, or the incidence of death (number of deaths) in a population.

Question 10

health is wealth

partisan vs anthropological view

Answer 10

rich = healthier

support towards an opinion vs non bias

Question 11

“health is not an absolute state of being but rather a culturally relative experience”

Answer 11

*

Question 12

etiology has 2 views:

Answer 12

personalistic

naturalistic

Question 13

personalistic view of illness:

Answer 13

illness is caused by supernatural forces

Question 14

naturalistic view of illness:

Answer 14

illness is caused by the physical world

Question 15

etiology:

Answer 15

the study of what causes illness/disease

Question 16

folk illness:

Answer 16

a disease (mental or physical) only recognized/familiarized by a certain culture

Question 17

The Wendigo:

Answer 17

the Algonquians believed in an evil, cannibalistic spirit that can influence human action

• those affected are killed
• is actually a form of psychosis “lost contact with reality”

Question 18

disease vs. illness

Answer 18

physical sign vs. one’s perception f not feeling good

Question 19

epidemiology:

Answer 19

the study od occurrence, spread and prevention of disease

Question 20

placebo effect:

Answer 20

belief that a certain treatment will have desired effect even with no medical proof to back it up
ex band-aid and small kids

Question 21

human wellness/illness is influenced by: (3)

Answer 21

biological, physical and cultural environment

Question 22

3 theoretical models of health and disease:

Answer 22

1) ecology
2) interpretive
3) critical

Question 23

cultural ecology:

Answer 23

concerned with the relationship between environment and society
-health is a measure of environmental adaptation

Question 24

shortcoming of cultural ecology:

Answer 24

disease is taken as a natural object separate from human consciousness (aside from the significance humans give to it, disease does not exist in nature)

Question 25

cultural interpretive:

Answer 25

disease is not an entity but is an explanary model (something we can understand) -disease is known by suffers and healers alike through a set of interpretive activities, feelings, etc

Question 26

shortcoming of cultural interpretive:

Answer 26

pays no attention to the political & economical context in which the ideas of health, illness, etc emerge & establish themselves

Question 27

cultural critical medical:

Answer 27

emphasizes the importance of political and economical forces (the exercise of power in shaping health, illness and disease)

Question 28

Avanga in Tonga:

Answer 28

``` hit by a spirit by someone of a higher wealth/power -happens because of a disrespectful act -back pain, headaches ex) laughing at a cemetery OR when roots have grown into a dead relatives grave -clean it up -pain ```

Question 29

hormone replacement therapy (HRT):

Answer 29

``` for pre-menopause women -help with osteoporosis, etc -damaging side effects -look and feel younger patriarchal control vs benefits.. YES ```

Question 30

female genital mutilation (FGM):

Answer 30

parallel to male circumcision? | distinguish by procedure not sex!

Question 31

metaphor:

Answer 31

a form of thought/language that links 2 expressions from different semantic domains (semantic domain=how meaning is assigned in language)

Question 32

metonymy:

Answer 32

relationship between the parts of semantic domain to the whole domain and the whole of its parts. ex) let me give you a hand (hand=help)

Question 33

5 element theory is a metaphor:

Answer 33

China, wood, metal, food, water, earth, Five Elements theory is used to interpret the relationship between the physiology and pathology of the human body and the natural environment.

Question 34

key metaphors:

Answer 34

metaphors that serve as a world view's foundation

Question 35

societal metaphor:

Answer 35

a world view metaphor whose world model is social order, everything works together like a factory

Question 36

religion:

Answer 36

ideas & practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses

Question 37

Inasi in Tonga:

Answer 37

annual gifts given to the sister of Tu'i Tonga (Tongan gods) | -Christianity changed this.. God has no sister

Question 38

social organization:

Answer 38

human inter-dependence in a society through its members actions & decisions

Question 39

power:

Answer 39

the ability to transform a given situation | -to reproduce something takes the same effort as changing it

Question 40

free agency vs. dominance:

Answer 40

freedom of individuals to pursue their own interests vs. rule by coercion (force, involuntary), expensive, hard to maintain

Question 41

heremony:

Answer 41

getting dominated to accepted dominant's rule as legitimate, vulnerable to change, rule by persuasion

Question 42

governmentality:

Answer 42

the art of governing appropriate to promoting the welfare of a state's population

Question 43

resistance:

Answer 43

refusal to conform to another's wishes

Question 44

consensus:

Answer 44

collective agreement by all parties

Question 45

persuasion:

Answer 45

power based on verbal argument

Question 46

power can cause _____ and ______.

Answer 46

anomie and alienation

Question 47

essentially negotiable concepts:

Answer 47

culturally recognized concepts that evoke a range of meanings depending on context

Question 48

3 types of power:

Answer 48

hidden visible invisible

Question 49

Michael Foucalt & biopower:

Answer 49

preoccupied with the bodies of citizens and the social body itself

Question 50

hidden power:

Answer 50

a powerful group discreetly influences the decisions made on the visible level, often with negative consequences to dominated

Question 51

visible power:

Answer 51

individuals who are not part of dominated group can see and can assert their own social power in support of or in political decisions

Question 52

invisible power:

Answer 52

embedded in cultural norms, makes certain issues, interests and problems invisible by shaping "people's belief's, sense of self and acceptance of their own inferiority or superiority".

Question 53

how is dominance, hegemony, persuasion and resistance all inter-related?

Answer 53

both exert power of a group - dominance, with force - hegemony uses persuasion, verbal, better long term, but always vulnerable to change

Question 54

define folk illness and provide how it is seen in Tonga

Answer 54

Avanga - spirit of higher power or dead relative haunts you, random out bursts of crying or laughing - caused by overgrown grave or disrespect

Question 55

technological metaphor:

Answer 55

computer metaphor.. the mind is a computer, you can install software, etc

Question 56

organic metaphor:

Answer 56

applies the image of a living body to something.. body systems working together make a healthy, functional human

Question 57

secularism:

Answer 57

separation of religion and state .. the Enlightenment solution to the bloody wars of religion following the Reformation