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Anthropology > Ch. 9-11 > Flashcards

Ch. 9-11 Flashcards

1
Q

medical anthro:

A

the study of beliefs, practices and behaviour that promotes health/wellness while avoiding disease/illness in society/culture

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2
Q

traditional knowledge:

A

knowledge that is culturally held and passed on generations

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3
Q

well-being:

A

a state of general physical and mental comfort

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4
Q

health:

A

describes one’s general social, psychological, and physical condition
-can they function in society?

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5
Q

illness:

A

a state of general physical and mental discomfort

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6
Q

disease:

A

biomedical condition by a biological irregularity in an organism

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7
Q

ethnomedical is ______
vs.
biomedical is ______

A

traditional vs modern

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8
Q

morbidity:

A

refers to the disease state of an individual, or the incidence of illness in a population

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9
Q

mortality:

A

refers to the state of being mortal, or the incidence of death (number of deaths) in a population.

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10
Q

health is wealth

partisan vs anthropological view

A

rich = healthier

support towards an opinion vs non bias

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11
Q

“health is not an absolute state of being but rather a culturally relative experience”

A

*

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12
Q

etiology has 2 views:

A

personalistic

naturalistic

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13
Q

personalistic view of illness:

A

illness is caused by supernatural forces

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14
Q

naturalistic view of illness:

A

illness is caused by the physical world

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15
Q

etiology:

A

the study of what causes illness/disease

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16
Q

folk illness:

A

a disease (mental or physical) only recognized/familiarized by a certain culture

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17
Q

The Wendigo:

A

the Algonquians believed in an evil, cannibalistic spirit that can influence human action

  • those affected are killed
  • is actually a form of psychosis “lost contact with reality”
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18
Q

disease vs. illness

A

physical sign vs. one’s perception f not feeling good

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19
Q

epidemiology:

A

the study od occurrence, spread and prevention of disease

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20
Q

placebo effect:

A

belief that a certain treatment will have desired effect even with no medical proof to back it up
ex band-aid and small kids

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21
Q

human wellness/illness is influenced by: (3)

A

biological, physical and cultural environment

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22
Q

3 theoretical models of health and disease:

A

1) ecology
2) interpretive
3) critical

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23
Q

cultural ecology:

A

concerned with the relationship between environment and society
-health is a measure of environmental adaptation

24
Q

shortcoming of cultural ecology:

A

disease is taken as a natural object separate from human consciousness (aside from the significance humans give to it, disease does not exist in nature)

25
Q

cultural interpretive:

A

disease is not an entity but is an explanary model (something we can understand)
-disease is known by suffers and healers alike through a set of interpretive activities, feelings, etc

26
Q

shortcoming of cultural interpretive:

A

pays no attention to the political & economical context in which the ideas of health, illness, etc emerge & establish themselves

27
Q

cultural critical medical:

A

emphasizes the importance of political and economical forces (the exercise of power in shaping health, illness and disease)

28
Q

Avanga in Tonga:

A 
hit by a spirit by someone of a higher wealth/power
-happens because of a disrespectful act 
-back pain, headaches
ex) laughing at a cemetery 
OR
when roots have grown into a dead relatives grave
-clean it up 
-pain
29
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT):

A 
for pre-menopause women
-help with osteoporosis, etc
-damaging side effects
-look and feel younger
patriarchal control vs benefits.. YES
30
Q

female genital mutilation (FGM):

A

parallel to male circumcision?

distinguish by procedure not sex!

31
Q

metaphor:

A

a form of thought/language that links 2 expressions from different semantic domains (semantic domain=how meaning is assigned in language)

32
Q

metonymy:

A

relationship between the parts of semantic domain to the whole domain and the whole of its parts.
ex) let me give you a hand (hand=help)

33
Q

5 element theory is a metaphor:

A

China, wood, metal, food, water, earth, Five Elements theory is used to interpret the relationship between the physiology and pathology of the human body and the natural environment.

34
Q

key metaphors:

A

metaphors that serve as a world view’s foundation

35
Q

societal metaphor:

A

a world view metaphor whose world model is social order, everything works together like a factory

36
Q

religion:

A

ideas & practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses

37
Q

Inasi in Tonga:

A

annual gifts given to the sister of Tu’i Tonga (Tongan gods)

-Christianity changed this.. God has no sister

38
Q

social organization:

A

human inter-dependence in a society through its members actions & decisions

39
Q

power:

A

the ability to transform a given situation

-to reproduce something takes the same effort as changing it

40
Q

free agency vs. dominance:

A

freedom of individuals to pursue their own interests vs. rule by coercion (force, involuntary), expensive, hard to maintain

41
Q

heremony:

A

getting dominated to accepted dominant’s rule as legitimate, vulnerable to change, rule by persuasion

42
Q

governmentality:

A

the art of governing appropriate to promoting the welfare of a state’s population

43
Q

resistance:

A

refusal to conform to another’s wishes

44
Q

consensus:

A

collective agreement by all parties

45
Q

persuasion:

A

power based on verbal argument

46
Q

power can cause _____ and ______.

A

anomie and alienation

47
Q

essentially negotiable concepts:

A

culturally recognized concepts that evoke a range of meanings depending on context

48
Q

3 types of power:

A

hidden
visible
invisible

49
Q

Michael Foucalt & biopower:

A

preoccupied with the bodies of citizens and the social body itself

50
Q

hidden power:

A

a powerful group discreetly influences the decisions made on the visible level, often with negative consequences to dominated

51
Q

visible power:

A

individuals who are not part of dominated group can see and can assert their own social power in support of or in political decisions

52
Q

invisible power:

A

embedded in cultural norms, makes certain issues, interests and problems invisible by shaping “people’s belief’s, sense of self and acceptance of their own inferiority or superiority”.

53
Q

how is dominance, hegemony, persuasion and resistance all inter-related?

A

both exert power of a group

  • dominance, with force
  • hegemony uses persuasion, verbal, better long term, but always vulnerable to change
54
Q

define folk illness and provide how it is seen in Tonga

A

Avanga

  • spirit of higher power or dead relative haunts you, random out bursts of crying or laughing
  • caused by overgrown grave or disrespect
55
Q

technological metaphor:

A

computer metaphor.. the mind is a computer, you can install software, etc

56
Q

organic metaphor:

A

applies the image of a living body to something.. body systems working together make a healthy, functional human

57
Q

secularism:

A

separation of religion and state .. the Enlightenment solution to the bloody wars of religion following the Reformation

Anthropology (5 decks)

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