Ch. 12

Question 1

Great Famine of 1845-1850

Answer 1

• potato blight in Ireland that caused mass starvation and immigration to the US
• causes→ rapid growth of poor ppl; policies that made most ppl dependent on a single crop (potatoes)
• plant fungus
• starvation
• British policies that forced the Irish Catholics to labor for Protestant landowners

Question 2

Know Nothing Party

Answer 2

• Anti-immigrant group called the Native American Association was founded in 1837→ by 1845 became a political party known as the Know Nothing Party
• due to the fact when members asked about the party, they were told to say “I know nothing.”
• was formed from the wreckage of the Whig Party and some disaffected Northern democrats in 1854
• anti catholic; anti immigrant

Question 3

Chinese immigration

Answer 3

• due to the lure of work and opportunity
• Anti-Chinese sentiments in the 1850s
• Chinese labored to build the nation’s first transcontinental railroad

Question 4

Irish immigration

Answer 4

• “Irish Potato Famine” 2 million came
• Work in urban communities(NYC & Boston)
• Growth of the Catholic Church in America

Question 5

Slavery

Answer 5

• outcries form northern abolitionists
• justification of slavery in creative ways
• increased criticism of northern industrial wage labor system
• Rising importance of slavery led to better care of slaves due to their being a valuable investment: improved living conditions, dietary rations, and working hours

Question 6

“The Cruelty of Slavery”

Answer 6

• Family(nuclear or extended) was vital as a means for a slave’s emotional well-being
• The role of the Underground Railroad and “conductors”
• Notable runaways: Henry Highland Garnet, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman
• fear of slave revolts

Question 7

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 7

• the start of the Women’s Rights Movement in the US in 1848
• Sarah Grimke; Elizabeth Cady Stanton; Lucretia Mott
• held in upstate NY
• The convention generated more attention-mostly negative but some positive- than expected

Question 8

Women’s rights

Answer 8

• higher education
• right of women to control property and right to obtain divorce
• Black women were reluctant to join various integrated societies since white women tended to dominate them.
• Abigail Adams; Sarah Grimke

Question 9

Committees of Vigilance

Answer 9

• Also known as vigilantes, groups of people who took on extra legal means to assert law and order
• members of the groups delivered public whippings and lynched ppl they didn’t like, whether or not a crime had been committed.
• Kangaroo courts (unauthorized and biased courts) and lynchings were all too common within and across all ethnic lines as traditional community relationships were destroyed by distance and greed
• CA= El Monte Boys

Question 10

The Liberator

Answer 10

-a newspaper dedicated to the antislavery cause launched by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831, he said he would not back down to slavery

Question 11

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 11

• Founded in Boston in 1833, the society was dedicated to the abolition of slavery
  -William Lloyd Garrison
  He contrasted Northern free labor to Southern slavery
  -Oberlin abolitionism

Question 12

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

Answer 12

• The resolutions passed at the Women’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls in 1848 calling for full equality, including the right to vote, for women
• This document is seen as the opening statement of the women’s rights movement in the U.S.