Ch. 6 Flashcards
(22 cards)
The Newburgh Conspiracy
- Soldiers’ frustration due to no money.
- The army at Newburgh asked the new government for money.
- A rift in Congress over the issue of revenue. Officers demanded a quicker response.
- Washington was worried about the threat of a coup d’etat, but the officers receiving funds averted a coup.
Shay’s Rebellion
- Cause: financial hardship for former soldier/farmers and the Massachusetts legislature refused to provide funds.
- Daniel Shays led armed farmers and shut down the courts to stop foreclosures in 1786
- Aim: to overthrow the state government
- Massachusetts state militia suppressed the revolt
- Result: The rebellion terrified the elite of the nation and led to the call for a stronger national government to maintain law and order.
new slave states
- kentucky
- tennesse
- alabama
- mississippi
Joseph Brant
-organized a confederation of tribes and led a violend resistance against white settlement
Republican Motherhood
- belief that women should have more rights and a better education than they might support husbands and raise sons who would actively participate in the political affairs of society
- With a special type of education, mothers could influence their husbands and sons to be active citizens.
- private Academies
why write the US Constitution
create a more perfect union
Annapolis Convention
- 5 states
- led to the call for a meeting for another convention at philadelphia in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation
Constitutional Convention
- All except Rhode Island
- Those absent: T.J., J. Adams, S. Adams & Patrick Henry
- February 1787, Congress agreed to call a convention made up of 55 white men who gathered in what was later called Independence Hall
- propose amendments of the articles of confederation
Virginia Plan
- the first outline of the new constitution
- New Congress with 2 houses, whose members would be elected based on proportional representation reflecting the population of the states, would replace current Congress.
- Would represent the people, not necessarily 13 equal states.
- The Congress would have the power to levy taxes, regulate interstate commerce, and veto state laws.
- Proposed creating a “national executive” and judiciary, or a set of federal courts.
New Jersey Plan
- proposal for the structure of the US gov
- William Paterson
- where both houses of Congress would be elected by states, with equal size delegations for every state
Great Compromise/Connecticut Plan
- agreement during Constitutional Convention
- a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House
Three-fifths clause
- provided that if taxes were ever levied on the states according to population, slaves would be counted on a three-fifths basis for determining how much taxes the states would pay
Ratification process
-: starting in September of 1787
Electoral College
-a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.
Anti- Federalists
- opposed the Constitution
- worried that national government would destroy rights of the sovereign states and freedom of individual
- Constitution lacked Bill of Rights
- Richard Henry Lee: worried that new government would be created and dominated by monarchy men, military men, aristocrats, and drones
- states rights
Federalists
- supporters of the Constitution
- had specific document/arguments to plan the improvement of the government
- addressed the fears of the people
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
-legislation passed by Congress under Articles of Confederation that provided for public schools, sale of govt. land, and prohibited slavery in NW territories
religious freedom
Treaty of Fort Stanwix
- 1784; faction of Iroquois and US gov; sought to end violent battles over land in NY, Penn, and Ohio River Valley to W
- did not hold
separation of powers
-(government would always have authority limited by other parts
proportional representation
-a way of selecting representatives in Congress based on the total population of a state, as opposed to having each state received equal votes in Congress
Feudalism
-a system of government in which power is clearly divided between state governments and the national-or federal-government
The Federalist papers
-: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay – “Federalists”
