Ch 12 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Contrast spreading branching inspire like branching
Spreading branching consists of the trunk separating close to the ground creating many limbs in different angles
Spire like branching is when one trunk goes all the way up and has limbs branch off of that
What characterizes a deciduous tree?
They lose their leaves in the fall and stay bare all winter
Which gymnosperm looks like a palm tree?
Cycads
How did the different structures of male and female conifer cons show God’s design?
Male and female cones are needed to reproduce. God showed his design in that the mail cone’s pollen will blow in the wind and get into the prickly cone to fertilize the egg in the cone. It is a super design!!
Did ginkgo trees produce fruit? Why or why not?
No. A fruit is the ripened ovary of a flower; ginkgos are gymnosperms and do not produce flowers or fruits.
Contrast taproots with spreading roots
Taproot go straight down and are thick with smaller roots coming out of the sides
Spreading ribs are fairly equal in size and spread out to sometimes three times the diameter of the canopy. They anchor the tree.
List the three main functions of tree roots
Absorb water and minerals
anchor the tree firmly in the soil
store food
List and define the four major types of adventitious roots
Roots that grow from the stem, branches, leaves, or mature would be roots.
Buttress roots, common in large tropical trees and occur at the trees base. Look like large walls or plank like extensions providing support to the stem.
Stilt roots and prop roots are similar to buttress roots. Stilt roots grow down from branches into the soil.
Prop roots grow out from the trunk then down into the soil.
Aerial roots are entirely above ground and Mac to stabilize the tree.
Where is a trees xylem tissue located?
It is located in the wood
Define competition as it relates to trees
The struggle against other plants and trees for space sunlight water and minerals needed to grow
Which type of bud forms new branches on the stem?
Lateral bud
Which leaves are usually found at the tops of trees?
Sun leaves
Describe the life of the tree in page 121.
The tree is 22 years old.
The first five years were abundant with a good environmental conditions and the tree grew quite a lot.
In the sixth and seventh years there was stress on the tree
In the seventh year a fire occurred.
The next 4 to 5 years show good gross with a little competition.
The last 10 rings show that the tree had to compete with new trees growing around it because the rings are quite small in width.
Define forest
A dense collection of trees with a thick top layer of interlaced leaves called the canopy
Why do trees not grow well beyond the tree line?
The winters are too long and cold and harsh and the summers are too short for good growth to happen
List the eight General Forest regions of North America in the major types of trees found in each.
Northern coniferous forest and Northern Hardwood forest-conifers maple, beach, hemlock and birch
The Central Broadleaved forest-hardwoods like oak cherry and Maple and conifers like Cedar, Pine, and hemlock
The Southern Forest-Oak, popular, walnut. Pine varieties like Loblolly, Longleaf, and Virginia.
Bottomland Hardwood forest-Oak, gum, Tupelo, Cypress
Pacific Coast forest-redwoods, giant sequoias, Spruce, for, Pine, oak, Cottonwood
The Rocky Mountain Forest-pine like white pine, Pondarosa, Lodgepole, and Aspen.
The tropical forest-mahogany, mangrove, bay
What percentage of the United States was forest in 1630 and then in 1907?
In 1630-46%
In 1907–33%
A scientist is studying how the number of trees in an area affect how much would each tree can produce when it is harvested. What branch of forestry is he working in?
Forest management
What is a carbon sink?
A carbon sink is any system or object that absorb carbon dioxide from the environment
List three functions of a forest
Preventing soil erosion Helping with photosynthesis Helps in the production of oxygen Removes carbon dioxide from the air Keeps streams clear and pure Protects smaller plants
Why are trees a renewable resource?
They can be planted and regrown
What are the three important chemicals extracted from wood?
Cellulose, lignin, oils
List and explain the five most important methods of Deforestation.
Clearcutting method - completely clears an area of trees all at once
Block cutting method - they take out a particular block area of trees out that are 100 acres or less
Seed tree method - all trees except the seed trees are cut, leaving seeds from the tree to fall and reproduce and grow
Selective-cutting method - mature trees are harvested sporadically
Shelterwood method - three steps spread over 10 to 15 years number one remove for quality trees number to remove many trees along only the best to Remain in pretty seeds three remove the overstory to allow new trees to grow.
Lists the divisions of the trees it stems from largest to smallest
Trunk
Limbs
Branches
Twigs
