ch. 12 Flashcards
know all vocab words (19 cards)
Cyber theft
Use of computer networks for criminal profits. Examples include copyright infringement, identity theft, and using technology to commit traditional theft-based offenses such as larceny and fraud
Corporate (organizational) crime
Powerful institutions or their representatives willfully violate the laws that restrain these institutions from doing social harm or require them to do social good Sherman Antitrust Act- Federal law that subjects to criminal or civil sanctions any person “who shall make any contract or engage in any combination or conspiracy” in restraint of interstate commerce
Mafia
A group that originated in Italy and Sicily and now controls racketeering in major U.S. cities
Identity theft
Using the Internet to steal someone’s identity and/or impersonate the victim in order to conduct illicit transactions, such as committing fraud using the victim’s name and identity
Enterprise crime
Use of illegal tactics to gain profit in the marketplace. Enterprise crimes can involve either the violation of law in the course of an otherwise legitimate occupation or the sale and distribution of illegal commodities
Enterprise theory or investigation
A standard investigative tool of the FBI that focuses on criminal enterprise rather than criminal acts viewed as isolated incidents
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO)
Federal legislation that enables prosecutors to bring additional criminal or civil charges against people engaged in two or more acts prohibited by 24 existing federal and 8 state laws. RICO features monetary penalties that allow the government to confiscate all profits derived from criminal activities. Originally intended to be used against organized crime, RICO has been used against white-collar criminals
Alien conspiracy theory
The belief, subscribed by the federal government and many respected criminologists, that organized crime is a direct offshoot of a criminal society that was imported into the United States from Europe and that crime cartels have a policy of restricting their membership to people of their own ethnic background
Organized crime
Illegal activities of people and organizations whose acknowledged purpose is profit through illegitimate business enterprise
White-collar crime
Illegal activities of people and institutions whose acknowledged purpose is profit through legitimate business transactions. White-collar crimes can involve theft, embezzlement, fraud, market manipulation, restraint of trade, and false advertising
Cyber stalking
Using the Internet, email, or other electronic communications devices to stalk or harass another person
Denial-of-service attack
Extorting money from Internet service users by threatening to prevent them from accessing the service
Pilferage
Systematic theft of company property
Insider trading
Illegal buying of stock in a company on the basis of information provided by someone who has a fiduciary interest in the company, such as an employee or an attorney or accountant retained by the firm. Federal laws and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission require that all profits from such trading be returned and provide for both fines and a prison sentence
La Cosa Nostra
A national syndicate of some 25 Italian-dominated crime families who control organized crime in distinct geographic areas
Exploitation
Forcing victims to pay for services or contracts to which they have a clear right
Front running
Placing broker’s personal orders ahead of a customer’s large order to profit from the market effects of the trade
Information technology
A term that denotes all forms of technology used to create, store, retrieve, and exchange data in all its various forms, including electronic, voice, and still image
Cyber crime
Use of instruments of modern technology for criminal purposes
