ch. 14 Flashcards
know all vocab words (29 cards)
Nonintervention model
View that arresting and labeling offenders does more harm than good, that youthful offenders in particular should be diverted into informal treatment programs, and that minor offenses should be decriminalized
Probation
Conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of a probation officer and subject to certain conditions
Arraignment
The step in the criminal justice process in which the accused is brought before the trial judge, formal charges are read, defendants are informed of their rights, a plea is entered, bail is considered, and a trial date is set
Miranda rights
Rights of criminal defendants, including the right against self-incrimination and the right to counsel, spelled out in the case of Miranda v. Arizona
Jail
Institution, usually run by the county, for short-term detention of those convicted of misdemeanors and those awaiting trial or other judicial proceedings
Plea bargain
Agreement between prosecution and defense in which the accused pleads guilty in return for a reduction charges, a more lenient sentence, or some other consideration
Probable cause
Evidence of a crime, and of a suspect’s involvement in it, sufficient to warrant an arrest
Restorative justice model
View that emphasizes the promotion of a peaceful, just society through reconciliation and reintegration of the offender into society
Preliminary hearing
Alternative to a grand jury, in which an impartial lower-court judge decides whether there is probable cause sufficient for a trial
Crime control model
View that the overriding purpose of the justice system is to protect the public, deter people from criminal behavior, and incapacitate known criminals; a favors speedy, efficient justice and punishment
Equal justice model
View that emphasizes fairness and equal treatment in criminal procedures and sentencing
Grand jury
A group of citizens chosen to hear testimony in secret and to issue formal criminal accusations (indictments)
Arrest
The taking into police custody of an individual suspected of a crime
Bail
A money bond intended to ensure that the accused will return for trial
Prosecutor
Public official who represents the government in criminal proceedings, presenting the case against the accused
Appeal
Taking a criminal case to a higher court on the grounds that the defendant was found guilty because of legal error or violation of his or her constitutional rights; a successful appeal may result in a new trial
Recognizance
Pledge by the accused to return for trial, which may be accepted in lieu of bail
Criminal Justice System
The agencies of government- police, courts, and corrections- that are responsible for apprehending, adjudicating, sanctioning, and treating criminal offenders
Incarceration
Confinement in jail or prison
Rehabilitation model
View that criminals are victims of social injustice, poverty, and racism and that appropriate treatment can change them into productive, law-abiding citizens
Parole
Conditional early release from prison, with the offender serving the remainder of the sentence in the community under the supervision of a parole officer
Disposition
Sentencing of a defendant who has been found guilty; usually involves a fine, probation, or incarceration
Public offender
Attorney employed by the state whose job is to provide free legal counsel to indigent defendants
Indictment
A written accusation returned by a grand jury charging an individual with a specified crime, based on the prosecutor’s demonstration of probable cause
