Ch. 12 Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

the ways that social forces create differences between men’s and women’s behavior, preferences, treatments, and opportunities, and the characteristics of men and women that reflect these forces

Answer 1

gender

Question 2

whether a person is classified as male or female based on anatomical or chromosomal criteria

Answer 2

sex

Question 3

a person who is born with a body that has some biological characteristics typically found in only male bodies, as well as others found in female bodies

Answer 3

intersex individual

Question 4

the social processes that create and sustain gender and race differences and inequality

Answer 4

social construction of gender (or race)

Question 5

a gender system in which men have substantially more power than women in politics, the economy, and the family

Answer 5

patriarchy

Question 6

individuals who were assigned on sex category at birth based on anatomical criteria but who come to believe they belong in the other gender category and take action to be in the other category

Answer 6

transgendered

Question 7

a study using a method of assigning participants or groups to receive different treatments that ensures that any posttreatment differences result from the different treatments they received

Answer 7

random-assigned experiment

Question 8

a simplified generalization about a group that is often false or exaggerated

Answer 8

stereotype

Question 9

A person’s sex is a __________ classification, whereas their gender is a __________ classification.

Answer 9

biological, social

Question 10

The results of _________ show that __________ impact(s) behavior.

Answer 10

Random-assignment experiments; gendered stereotypes

Question 11

Julie is 7 months pregnant. Her family and friends are throwing her a baby shower. The color scheme for the shower is pink and white…

Answer 11

The shower is an example of gender socialization.

Question 12

How do stereotypes relate to actual behavior?

Answer 12

Stereotypes can produce a behavior that was not there before.

Question 13

Who holds the most power in a patriarchy?

Answer 13

Men

Question 14

a social movement whose members advocate equality between men and women in rights and opportunities

Answer 14

feminist movement

Question 15

when women and men are distributed differently across occupations, such that some jobs are filled mostly by men and others mostly by women

Answer 15

occupational sex segregation

Question 16

In which field has the presence of women most greatly increased in the past 50 years?

Answer 16

the workforce

Question 17

Kent is passionate about early childhood education….

Answer 17

Occupational sex segregation

Question 18

In one company, a secretary job and a factory job requiring the same level of education, skill and labor will often have pay rates in which _________.

Answer 18

The factory job earns more money.

Question 19

Although many patterns and ideals about gender norms in the home and workplace have changed since the 1960s, _______.

Answer 19

Both men and women are still held to traditional gender norms about home and work.

Question 20

Though women __________ than men, they still _______ than men.

Answer 20

earn more college degrees; have lower average earnings.

Question 21

whether one’s sexual attractions are to members of the same sex, the other sex, or both

Answer 21

sexual orientation

Question 22

judging women more harshly than men for having sex outside of marriage or outside of relationships

Answer 22

double standard of sexuality

Question 23

a group whose sexual behavior or attractions are unusual in a given society

Answer 23

sexual minority

Question 24

a type of prejudice that claims that being heterosexual is the only normal option for an individual’s sexual orientation

Answer 24

heteronormativity

Question 25

discrimination or bias against persons because they are not heterosexual

Answer 25

discrimination or bias against homosexual persons that is based in fear

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of an evolutionary theory on how biology might affect sexuality?

Answer 26

Anticipating a nine-month pregnancy discourages women from having frequent sex with multiple sexual partners.

Question 27

This year at suburbia high school Karen and Josh were elected Homecoming King and Queen. This common process of electing...

Answer 27

heteronormativity

Question 28

The double standard of sexuality refers to the fact that people tend to _________

Answer 28

Judge women more harshly for having casual sex than they judge men.

Question 29

Two women kissing on a dance floor __________.

Answer 29

Could be of any sexual orientation

Question 30

A heterosexual woman being verbally harassed because she is wearing masculine clothes and walking with another woman is experiencing _______.

Answer 30

heterosexism

Question 31

technique for choosing participants for a research study in which each person in the population is assigned a known and likely chance of being selected

Answer 31

probability samples

Question 32

the act of an unmarried straight or gay couple living together

Answer 32

cohabitation

Question 33

sexual behavior that occurs in a situation that was not a prearranged date and between individuals who may or may not be interested in an exclusive romantic relationship

Answer 33

hookup

Question 34

A study sample that is drawn so that there is an equal probability for every person to be included is called a(n) ________ sample.

Answer 34

Probability

Question 35

Why are American parents concerned about teenagers having sex?

Answer 35

they are afraid sex will be driven by hormones rather than rational thought

Question 36

Which of the following people are cohabiting?

Answer 36

An unmarried couple who are living together.

Question 37

In what way does sex between people in relationships differ from sex during a first-time hookup?

Answer 37

Sex in a relationship is more likely to include an orgasm.

Question 38

Janet's pregnancy illustrates what social change?

Answer 38

The widespread acceptance of having premarital sex and children outside of marriage.

Question 39

Which of the following is a process of gendered socialization?

Answer 39

a parent dressing a girl in a dress

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of a patriarchy?

Answer 40

a government where officials are mostly male

Question 41

The ideas we tend to have about how sex and gender "go together" is most directly challenged by the existence of ______.

Answer 41

transgendered people

Question 42

Splitting a research group into two smaller groups by picking names out of a hat to determine which individuals will go into the group to get a particular treatment is an example of ______.

Answer 42

a random-assignment experiment

Question 43

Before her engineering exam, Tessa was having a conversation with a male classmate about feeling nervous about the test. In response, he commented, "No one will fault you if you don't do well on the exam. Everyone knows that men are better at math and engineering than women are." According to the findings of sociological research about gender stereotypes, after hearing this comment, Tessa will be more likely to ______.

Answer 43

perform poorly on the exam

Question 44

Which of the following was made illegal by the Equal Pay Act?

Answer 44

paying women less than men for the same job

Question 45

When conducting an occupational sex segregation study, which number would sociologists use to indicate an occupation is completely segregated?

Answer 45

100

Question 46

What is true of the gender disparity among people earning college degrees in the US?

Answer 46

women receive more college degrees than men

Question 47

Adjusting for cost of living, earnings for middle-class men in the past 40 years have _________.

Answer 47

stagnated

Question 48

Sexual behavior, attraction, and identity __________.

Answer 48

are not always consistent

Question 49

The terms "slut" and "player" are indicative of ___________

Answer 49

the double standard of sexuality

Question 50

What example reinforces heteronormativity?

Answer 50

popular music songs about men and women having a romance

Question 51

What differentiates a hookup from other kinds of sex?

Answer 51

there is no expectation of a relationship

Question 52

In recent decades, which group has realized an increase in their rates of birth outside of marriage?

Answer 52

all groups in American society

Question 53

What event has most dramatically impacted women's educational, occupational, and family lives since the 1960s?

Answer 53

the widespread availability of the birth control pill