ch 12 leading people within organizations

Question 1

leadership

Answer 1

the act of influencing others to work towards a goal
leaders do not rely on the use of force to influence people, instead people willingly adopt the leader’s goal as their own

Question 2

formal leaders

Answer 2

hold a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes from their position as well as their personal power to influence others

Question 3

informal leaders

Answer 3

without formal positions of authority within the organization but demonstrate leadership by influencing others through personal forms of power

Question 4

general traits of leaders

Answer 4

intelligent
high self-esteem
integrity
extraversion
conscientious
open to experience

Question 5

two broad categories of behavior

Answer 5

task-oriented (initiating structure)
people-oriented (consideration)

Question 6

task-oriented leader behaviors

Answer 6

involve structuring the roles of subordinates, providing them with instructions, and behaving in ways that will increase the performance of the group
directives given to employees to get things done and to ensure that organizational goals are met

Question 7

people-oriented leader behaviors

Answer 7

showing concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect

Question 8

authoritarian decision making

Answer 8

leaders make the decision alone without necessarily involving employees in the decision-making process

Question 9

democratic decision making

Answer 9

employees participate in the making of the decision

Question 10

lais-sez-faire decision making

Answer 10

leave employees along to make the decision

Question 11

Fielder’s contingency theory

Answer 11

a leader’s style is measure by a scale called Least Preferred Coworker scale (LPC)

Question 12

situational leadership theory

Answer 12

leaders must use different leadership styles depending on their followers’ development level

Question 13

path-goal theory of leadership

Answer 13

based on the expectancy theory of motivation - employees are motivated when they believe or expect that their effort will lead to high performance, their high performance will be rewarded, and the rewards they will receive are valuable to them
leader’s main job is to make sure that all three of these conditions are met

Question 14

four leadership styles

Answer 14

directive
supportive
participative
achievement-oriented

Question 15

directive leaders

Answer 15

provide specific directions to their employees

Question 16

supportive leaders

Answer 16

provide emotional support to employees

Question 17

participative leaders

Answer 17

make sure that employees are involved in the making of important decisions

Question 18

achievement-oriented leaders

Answer 18

set goals for employees and encourage them to reach their goals

Question 19

normative decision model

Answer 19

helps leaders determine how much involvement they should seek when making decisions

Question 20

7 questions of the normative decision model

Answer 20

each question gets answered as high or low
1. decision significance
2. importance of commitment
3. leader expertise
4. likelihood of commitment
5. goal alignment
6. group expertise
7. team competence

Question 21

5 decision-making styles

Answer 21

decide
consult individually
consult as a group
facilitate
delegate

Question 22

transformational leaders

Answer 22

lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader’s goals

Question 23

transactional leaders

Answer 23

ensure that employees demonstrate the right behaviors and provide resources in exchange

Question 24

chairsma

Answer 24

behaviors leaders demonstrate that create confidence in, commitment to, and admiration for the leader

Question 25

inspirational motivation

Answer 25

come up with a vision that is inspiring to others

Question 26

intellectual stimulation

Answer 26

challenge organizational norms and status quo, and they encourage employees to think creatively and work harder

Question 27

individualized consideration

Answer 27

show personal care and concern for the well-being of their followers

Question 28

4 tools of transformational leaders

Answer 28

charisma
inspirational motivation
intellectual stimulation
individualized consideration

Question 29

contingent rewards

Answer 29

rewarding employees for their accomplishments

Question 30

active management by exception

Answer 30

leaving employees to do their jobs without interference, but at the same time proactively predicting potential problems and preventing them from occurring

Question 31

passive management by exception

Answer 31

manager waits until something goes wrong before coming to the rescue

Question 32

3 tools transactional leaders use

Answer 32

contingent rewards
active management by exception
passive management by exception

Question 33

why is transformational leadership effective

Answer 33

trust

Question 34

leader-member exchange (LMX) theory

Answer 34

proposes that the type of relationship leaders have with their followers is the key to understanding how leaders influence employees
high LMX relationships = high trust
low LMX relationships = low trust

Question 35

servant leadership

Answer 35

leadership approach that defines the leader’s role as serving the needs of others
- develop employees and help them reach their goals

Question 36

authentic leadership approach

Answer 36

“be yourself”