Ch 12 Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

Question 1

where does spinal cord stop and end?

Answer 1

foramen magnum to 2nd lumbar vertebra; newborn’s extends entire length

Question 2

2 enlargements of spinal cord are located where?

Answer 2

thoracic enlargement and lumbosacral enlargement

Question 3

horse’s tail

Answer 3

cauda equina

Question 4

where the cord ends

Answer 4

conus medullaris

Question 5

what keeps the spinal cord from sliding up and down and anchors cord to coccyx

Answer 5

filum terminale

Question 6

spinal meninges

Answer 6

dura mater: cont with spinal nerve (epineurium)
arachnoid mater: thin and wispy
pia mater: bound tightly to brain and spinal cord

Question 7

attach cord to dura mater

Answer 7

denticulate ligaments

Question 8

spaces in spinal meniges

Answer 8

epidural: blood vessels, areolar CT, and fat
subdural: serous fluid
aubarachnoid: CSF and blood vessels

Question 9

how do you determine which is the front side in the cross section of a spinal cord?

Answer 9

anterior median fissure vs posterior median sulcus

Question 10

white matter of the spinal cord consists of

Answer 10

columns (funiculi): ventral dorsal and lateral

which are divi into tracts (fasciuli)

Question 11

gray matter

Answer 11

horns

1. posterior horn: (dorsal, sensory)
2. anterior horn: (ventral, somatic motor)
3. lateral horn: (autonomic nervous system)

Question 12

connect left and right sections of spinal cord

Answer 12

commissures

Question 13

what are the two nerve roots and what type of signals do they carry?

Answer 13

dorsal (posterior) root: ganglion ; carries sensory

ventral (anterior) root: carries motor

Question 14

dorsal root + ventral root = ???

Answer 14

spinal nerve

Question 15

what are the names of the layers of connective tissue that surround the peripheral nerves?

Answer 15

axon w/ schwann cells

endoneurium: surround individual neurons
perineurium: surrounds axon groups (fascicles)
epineurium: surrounds entire nerve

Question 16

how many pair of spinal nerves?

Answer 16

31 pair; 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

Question 17

diagram of cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal nerve?

Answer 17

dermatomal map

Question 18

supplies mm and skin of back

Answer 18

dorsal ramus

Question 19

in thoracic region form intercostal nerves supplying intercostal mm and skin

Answer 19

ventral ramus

Question 20

5 plexuses?

Answer 20

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Question 21

sympathetic chain ganglia?

Answer 21

communicating rami ; ANS

Question 22

major nerves in the cervical plexus

Answer 22

phrenic- controls diaphragm

Question 23

major nerves in the brachial plexus

Answer 23

radial, ulnar, axillary, muscoskeletal, and median

Question 24

what causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 24

same repetitive mvmt makes muscles grow and there’s no room so it squishes this nerve and hurts very bad

Question 25

major nerves in lumbar plexus

Answer 25

obturator : medial thigh | femoral: anterior thigh and leg

Question 26

major nerves in sacral plexus

Answer 26

tibial and fibular break off of the sciatic nerve

Question 27

major nerve in coccygeal plexus

Answer 27

coccygeal nerve: pelvic floor

Question 28

sensory comes into CNS, attaches to interneuron, attaches to motor neuron, effects targeted organ

Answer 28

somatic reflex arc

Question 29

how many motor neurons does a somatic reflex arc have?

Answer 29

one

Question 30

how many motor neurons does a autonomic reflex arc have?

Answer 30

two

Question 31

sensory neuron attaches to preganglionic motor neuron, this neuron attaches to postganglionic neuron in either the sympathetic trunk ganglion or passes through the STG to the collateral ganglion, then effect the target organ

Answer 31

autonomic reflex arc