Ch 16 Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

divisions of the nervous system

Answer 1

cns & pns
pns contains sensory and motor
motor contains somatic and autonomic
autonomic contains sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric

Question 2

peripheral nerves contain what type of neurons?

Answer 2

sensory and motor neurons

Question 3

somatic motor neurons innervate

Answer 3

skeletal mm

Question 4

autonomic motor neurons innervate

Answer 4

smooth, cardiac mm, and glands

Question 5

sensory neurons innervate

Answer 5

NOT SUBDIVIDED bc they overlap in fxn

ex: pain receptors can stimulate both somatic and autonomic reflexes

Question 6

system that controls stress; fight or flight

Answer 6

sympathetic

Question 7

system that control when not stressed; rest and digest

Answer 7

parasympathetic

Question 8

parasympathetic and sympathetic systems work how?

Answer 8

both work all the time; one just always has the upper hand

Question 9

the two subcategories of cholinergic receptors

Answer 9

muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 10

_____ is always the NT for somatic motor

Answer 10

acetylcholine

Question 11

how many neurons are in efferent pathways for somatic motor?

Answer 11

ONE

Question 12

what receptors are in somatic motor pathways?

Answer 12

nicotinic cholinergic receptors

Question 13

autonomic motor pathways are voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 13

involuntary; end up in ganglion somewhere

Question 14

sympathetic division is located where?

Answer 14

thoracolumbar division ; which is pre ganglionic fibers from T1 to L2

Question 15

most sympathetic nerves synapse where?

but some may synapse where?

Answer 15

in sympathetic chain ganglion (paravertebral ganglia);

collateral ganglia

Question 16

the adrenal medulla acts as what?

Answer 16

a modified collateral ganglia producing norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 17

how many neurons are in the efferent pathway for the ANS?

Answer 17

2 motor neurons; preganglionic and postganglionic

Question 18

what type of receptors are found in autonomic motor pathways?

Answer 18

cholinergic (muscarinic and nicotinic) and adrenergic (alpha and beta) receptors

Question 19

preganglionic fibers synapse at different levels

Answer 19

divergence; ex: you get a spinal injury, but nerves can still make lungs work

Question 20

postganglionic fibers receive input from different levels

Answer 20

convergence

Question 21

all or nothing

Answer 21

mass activation

Question 22

where does parasympathetic division stem from?

Answer 22

craniosacral division; which is preganglionic fibers from brainstem & S2 to S4

Question 23

where does the parasympathetic division synapse?

Answer 23

terminal ganglia (which is close to organ)

Question 24

which system uses divergence and convergence?

Answer 24

sympathetic system; no redundancy in parasympathetic

Question 25

terminal ganglia are used in which system? where are they located?

Answer 25

parasympathetic; they are located close to the target that it innervates

Question 26

preganglionic neurons tend to be long or short in the parasympathetic system? postganglionic?

Answer 26

they use terminal ganglia so the preganglionic are typically much longer that the postganglionic

Question 27

preganglionic neurons tend to be long or short in the sympathetic system? postganglionic?

Answer 27

preganglion tend to be short bc they synapse in the collateral ganglia and postganglionic are longer

Question 28

the NT for both sym. and parasym. preganglionic fibers is

Answer 28

acetylcholine

Question 29

NT for parasym. postganglionic fibers?

Answer 29

acetylcholine

Question 30

NT for sym. postganglionic fibers?

Answer 30

norepinephrine; adrenal medulla can have norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 31

affects both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 31

dual innervation

Question 32

syn. and parasym. work against each other

Answer 32

antagonistic effects ; ex: iris of the eye when pupils dilate

Question 33

fxn would work with one brach, but it works better with two

Answer 33

complementary effects; ex: salivary glands

Question 34

both branches have to work together

Answer 34

cooperative effects; ex: erection and ejaculation

Question 35

which places has SNS innervation ONLY?

Answer 35

adrenal medulla, arrector pili, sweat glands, most blood vessels

Question 36

somatic motor system NT is always

Answer 36

ACh and it is always excitatory! you don't have to inhibit, you just have to stop exciting

Question 37

efferent means?

Answer 37

motor

Question 38

afferent means?

Answer 38

sensory