CH. 12 THE EUKARYOTES

Question 1

the study of fungi

Answer 1

Mycology

Question 2

Saprobes

Answer 2

decompose dead organic matter

Question 3

living organic matter

Answer 3

Parasite

Question 4

defining cellular characteristics of kingdom fungi?

Answer 4

EUKARYOTIC
CHITIN
SEXUAL OR ASEXUAL SPORES
HETEROTROPHIC

Question 5

Differentiate saprobe and parasite

Answer 5

Sabrobe derive nutrients from dead organic matter

parasites derive their nutrients from living host

Question 6

Know primary type of respiration?

Answer 6

AEROBIC or

FACULATIVE ANAEROBE

Question 7

thallus is the ?

Answer 7

body

Question 8

hyphae are the ?

Answer 8

filaments

Question 9

a mass of hypahae is ?

Answer 9

mycelium

Question 10

contain cross-walls?

do not contain septa?

Answer 10

Septate hyphae

Coenocytic hyphae

Question 11

Differentiate role of aerial and vegetative hyphae?

Answer 11

Vegetative hyphae obtain nutrients while aerial hyphae are involved with reproduction

Question 12

Differentiate budding and fission in yeasts

Answer 12

Budding yeasts divide unevenly

Fission yeasts divide evenly

Question 13

dimorphic ?

Answer 13

two growth patterns
Yeastlike at 37°-C and moldlike at 25°-C
Ex. Candida albicans

Question 14

Differentiate sexual and asexual spore formation

Answer 14

Asexual spores
Produced via mitosis and cell division; formed by the hyphae of one organism

Fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains
meiosis

Question 15

Nutritional Adaptations?

Answer 15

Grow better at pH of 5
Grow in high sugar and salt concentration; resistant to osmotic pressure
Can grow in low moisture content
Can metabolize complex carbohydrates

Question 16

Mycosis

Answer 16

fungal infection

Question 17

Systemic mycoses

Answer 17

deep within the body

Question 18

Subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 18

beneath the skin

Question 19

Cutaneous mycoses

Answer 19

affect hair, skin, and nails

Question 20

Superficial mycoses

Answer 20

localized (e.g., hair shafts)

outermost layers of the body

Question 21

Opportunistic mycoses

Answer 21

fungi harmless in normal habitat but pathogenic in a compromised host

Question 22

defining characteristics of diatoms?

Answer 22

Pectin and silica cell walls
Unicellular or filamentous
Store oil
Produce domoic acid—cause neurological disease

Question 23

defining characteristics of dinoflagellates

Answer 23

Cellulose in plasma membrane
Unicellular
Neurotoxins (saxitoxins) cause paralytic shellfish poisoning

Question 24

health risks associated with blooms of algae?

Answer 24

saxitoxin which causes paralytic shellfish poisoning

causes paralysis and even death

Question 25

defining characteristics of Protozoa?

Answer 25

Unicellular eukaryotes Inhabit water and soil Animal-like nutrition Complex life cycles

Question 26

purpose of trophozite and cyst?

Answer 26

trophozite= feeding and growing stage | cyst: dormant stage to survive adverse conditions

Question 27

Asexual reproduction of protozoa is by ?

Answer 27

fission, budding, or schizogony (multiple fission)

Question 28

Sexual reproduction of protozoans is by?

Answer 28

conjugtion

Question 29

most important environmental requirements for protozoans is ?

Answer 29

moist enviornment

Question 30

method of movement used by amebae?

Answer 30

extending pseudopods

Question 31

disease caused by Acanthamoeba—

Answer 31

infects corneas and causes blindness

Question 32

disease caused by Naegleria fowleri

Answer 32

Brain eating amoeba

Question 33

disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 33

causes amebic dysentery

Question 34

type of movement by Apicomplexa ?

Answer 34

NON motile

Question 35

disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii ?

Answer 35

transmitted by cats; causes fetal infections

Question 36

disease caused by Cryptosporidium ?

Answer 36

transmitted via feces; causes waterborne illness

Question 37

disease caused by plasmodium?

Answer 37

malaria

Question 38

disease caused by balantidium coli?

Answer 38

causes dysentery

Question 39

meathod of movement by ciliates?

Answer 39

move by cilia arranged in rows

Question 40

life cycle of plasmodium?

Answer 40

mosquito bites sporozites migrate to liver and meterozites are produced meterozites released into blood stream develops into ring stage in red blood cell Ring stage grows and divides, producing merozoites Merozoites are released when red blood cell ruptures; some merozoites infect new red blood cells, and some develop into male and female gametocytes. Another mosquito bitesinfected human and ingests gametocytes In mosquito’s digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form zygote Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito.

Question 41

defining characteristics of helminths?

Answer 41

``` Multicellular eukaryotic animals Specialized to live in hosts May lack digestive system Reduced nervous system Reduced or lacking locomotion Complex reproductive system ```

Question 42

Dioecious

Answer 42

Separate male and female

Question 43

Monoecious

Answer 43

Male and female reproductive systems in one animal

Question 44

typical life cycle of typical parasitic worm?

Answer 44

egg, larvae, intermediate host, adult, definitive host

Question 45

what are the two phyla of helminths? | and three subphyla?

Answer 45

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Nematoda (round worms) trematode, cestode, nematode

Question 46

disease caused by paragonimus?

Answer 46

lung fluke

Question 47

disease caused by Schistosoma

Answer 47

blood fluke

Question 48

disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis

Answer 48

Chinese liver fluke

Question 49

Taenia solium?

Answer 49

pork tape worm

Question 50

Taenia saginata ?

Answer 50

beef tape worm

Question 51

Echinococcus granulosus?

Answer 51

Larvae migrate to the liver or lungs and develop a hydatid cyst

Question 52

Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 52

infects human intestines

Question 53

Trichuris trichiura

Answer 53

is a parasitic roundworm that causes trichuriasis when it infects a human large intestine

Question 54

enterobius vermicularis

Answer 54

itching in the anal area

Question 55

necator americanus?

Answer 55

intestinal disease

Question 56

heterotroph?

Answer 56

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from outside complex organic substances.

Question 57

larvae, and bore into the intestinal wall | Produce

Answer 57

cysticerci