CH. 16 INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 1

IMMUNITY?

Answer 1

ABILITY TO WARD OF DISEASE

Question 2

lack of resistance to a disease?

Answer 2

Susceptibility

Question 3

defenses against any pathogen; rapid, present at birth prevents entry of microorganisms

Answer 3

Innate immunity (NON SPECIFIC)

Question 4

immunity or resistance to a specific pathogen; slower to respond, has memory component

Answer 4

Adaptive immunity (SPECIFIC)

Question 5

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on host cells attach to ?

Answer 5

pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

induce the release of cytokines from the host cell that regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses

Question 6

physical factors

inner portion made of connective tissue

Answer 6

DERMIS

Question 7

physical factors

outer portion made of tightly packed epithelial cells containing keratin, a protective protein

Answer 7

Epidermis

Question 8

physical factors

T/F Shedding and dryness of skin inhibits microbial growth?

Answer 8

true

Question 9

physical factors

Epithelial layer that lines the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts

Answer 9

mucous membrane

Question 10

role of mucus in line of defense?

Answer 10

viscous glycoproteins that trap microbes and prevent tracts from drying outucus

Question 11

role of lacrimal apparatus

Answer 11

drains tears and washes the eye

Question 12

physical factors

role of Ciliary escalator

Answer 12

transports microbes trapped in mucus away from the lungs

Question 13

role of ear wax

Answer 13

prevents microbes from entering the ear

Question 14

role of urine?

Answer 14

cleans the uretha via flow

Question 15

physical factors

role of vaginal secretions

Answer 15

move microorganisms out of the vaginal tract

Question 16

physical factors

what are the other ways to remove microbes

Answer 16

Peristalsis, defecation, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 17

Chemical Factors

forms a protective film and lowers the pH (3–5) of skin

Answer 17

sebum

Question 18

chemical factors

in perspiration, tears, saliva, and urine destroys bacterial cell walls

Answer 18

lysozome

Question 19

chemical factors
Low pH (1.2–3.0) of..destroys most bacteria and toxins?

Answer 19

gastric juice

Question 20

chemical factors
Low pH (3–5) of ..?

Answer 20

inhibits microbes

Question 21

role of Normal Microbiota and Innate Immunity?

Answer 21

compete with pathogens via microbial antagonism (competitive exclusion)

Question 22

factors of Normal Microbiota?

Answer 22

Competitive advantage for
space and nutrients
Produce substances harmful to pathogens
Alter conditions that affect pathogen survival

Question 23

Normal Microbiota and Innate Immunity:

one organism benefits while the other (host) is unharmed

Answer 23

Commensalism

Question 24

Normal Microbiota and Innate Immunity:

live microbial cultures administered to exert a beneficial effect

Answer 24

Probiotics
like yogurt
or drinks that contain live culture

Question 25

are residents in tissues and organs

Answer 25

Fixed macrophages

Question 26

roam tissues and gather at sites of infection

Answer 26

free macrophages

Question 27

Chemical signals attract phagocytes to microorganisms

Answer 27

chemotaxis

Question 28

Attachment of a phagocyte to the surface of the microorganism

Answer 28

adherance

Question 29

microorganism is coated with serum proteins, making ingestion easier

Answer 29

Opsonization (ingestion)

Question 30

Microorganism is digested inside a phagolysosome

Answer 30

Digestion

Question 31

what do cytokines release during a fever? and what do they do?

Answer 31

prostaglandins | reset the hypothalamus to a higher temperature

Question 32

cytoplasmic body formed by the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome in a process that occurs during phagocytosis.

Answer 32

Phagolysosome

Question 33

a fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair, feathers, hoofs, claws, horns, etc

Answer 33

keratin

Question 34

phago means to ?

Answer 34

eat

Question 35

cyte?

Answer 35

denaturing mature cell

Question 36

how is a fever beneficial?

Answer 36

a fever can help your child's body fight off infection | Many illness-causing microbes do best at the body's normal temperature.

Question 37

The purpose of germ free mice in microbiome research

Answer 37

In this case the researcher is seeking to understand how an individual or combination of known bacteria affect the host, interact with each other, or are affected by the host.

Question 38

Differentiate phagocyte from the process of phagocytosis

Answer 38

Phagocytosis occurs after the foreign body, a bacterial cell, for example, has bound to molecules called "receptors" that are on the surface of the phagocyte. The phagocyte then stretches itself around the bacterium and engulfs it

Question 39

12. State the antiphagocytic factors used by pathogens such as

Answer 39

glycocalyx, leukocidins, antigenic variation, etc.