Ch 13

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

the complete collection of genes in a bacterial cell

Question 2

gene

Answer 2

unit of heredity, a DNA sequence

Question 3

T/F: plasmids are not part of the nucleoid

Answer 3

true

Question 4

plasmids

Answer 4

small DNA molecules that carry genes that are not essential, but may be helpful

Question 5

T/F: plasmids are living

Answer 5

false

Question 6

what shape do plasmids have?

Answer 6

circular

Question 7

DNA and RNA are polymers of

Answer 7

nucleotides

Question 8

nucleotides are linked together by ________ bonds

Answer 8

phosphodiester

Question 9

Purines have a double/single ring

Answer 9

double

Question 10

Pyrimidines have a double/single ring

Answer 10

single

Question 11

Purines: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Answer 11

Adenine
Guanine

Question 12

Pyrimidines: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Answer 12

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

Question 13

A and T(U) pair by 2/3 H bonds

Answer 13

2

Question 14

C and G pair by 2/3 H bonds

Answer 14

3

Question 15

Positive supercoiling tightens/loosens DNA strands

Answer 15

tightens

Question 16

Negative supercoiling tightens/loosens DNA strands

Answer 16

loosens

Question 17

T/F: tightly wound DNA is better for replication and transcription

Answer 17

False

Question 18

DNA in most bacteria is circular/linear

Answer 18

circular

Question 19

replicon

Answer 19

portion of the genome that contains an origin and is replicated as a unit

Question 20

replication fork

Answer 20

where DNA is unwound

Question 21

Replisome

Answer 21

12 proteins involved in replication

Question 22

Helicase

Answer 22

unzips DNA by disrupting H-bonds

Question 23

DNA synthesis is (5’ to 3’) / (3’ to 5’)

Answer 23

5’ to 3’

Question 24

Enzymes require:

Answer 24

• a template
• a primer
• dNTPs

Question 25

dNTPs

Answer 25

deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dTTP, dCTP, dGTP)

Question 26

Topoisomerases

Answer 26

prevents supercoiling by unwinding double helix

Question 27

Primase

Answer 27

synthesizes short complementary strands of RNA primers

Question 28

The lagging stand

Answer 28

the antiparallel strand to the leading strand

Question 29

DNA ligase

Answer 29

forms phosphodiester bond between 3' -OH and 5' phosphate

Question 30

enzyme used for DNA proofreading

Answer 30

DNA polymerase III

Question 31

what is a catenane

Answer 31

2 circular DNA fragments linked together like a chain

Question 32

the ___ strand of DNA directs mRNA synthesis

Answer 32

template

Question 33

Promoter

Answer 33

binding site for RNA polymerase located at the start of the gene

Question 34

Shine-Delgarno sequence

Answer 34

helps initiate translation by aligning ribosome with start codon