Ch 33 Parts 1 and 2

Question 1

microbiome

Answer 1

community of microorganisms that exists in an environment

Question 2

microbiota

Answer 2

all the microorganisms that live in this environment

Question 3

holobiont

Answer 3

hosts and microbes live together in symbiosis and evolve together

Question 4

human microbiome

Answer 4

community of microorganisms that exists in and on the human body

Question 5

commensals

Answer 5

microorganisms in and on the human body that do not harm health

Question 6

normal microbiota

Answer 6

microorganisms that establish permanent colonies

Question 7

transient microbiota

Answer 7

microbes that are present for a period then disappear

Question 8

microbial antagonism

Answer 8

inhibiting or killing non-indigenous species through competition

Question 9

dysbiosis

Answer 9

imbalance of the normal flora in a human microbiome

Question 10

bifidobacteria

Answer 10

found in breastmilk, limits growth of pathogens in infants

Question 11

staphylococcus epidermis is a key component of healthy _____

Answer 11

skin

Question 12

T/F: many microorganisms can be found in the brain/muscles

Answer 12

false

Question 13

Actinobacteriota
Bacteroidetes
Firmicutes
Fusobacteriota
Proteobacteria
Verrucomicrobiota
are all commonly located:

Answer 13

skin
intestinal tract
mucosal surfaces

Question 14

inhibition of pathogen growth

Answer 14

bacterial interference

Question 15

The skin and the _____ have strong microbiome links

Answer 15

gut

Question 16

MAG

Answer 16

metagenome-assembled genome

Question 17

HR

Answer 17

human associated bacteria reference database

Question 18

Bifidobacteria, E.Coli, and Lactobacilli are beneficial/harmful bacteria

Answer 18

beneficial

Question 19

Campylobacter, C. Diff, and Enterococcus Faecalis are beneficial/harmful bacteria

Answer 19

harmful

Question 20

T/F: most microbes are killed in the stomach due to its acidic conditions

Answer 20

true

Question 21

hot spot for microbial activity in the human body

Answer 21

large intestine

Question 22

these two microbial phyla make up 80-90% of the species found in the gut

Answer 22

firmicutes
bacteriodetes

Question 23

those who are overweight may have higher _____ in comparison to _____

Answer 23

firmicutes in comparison to bacteriodetes

Question 24

germ free mice that receive a fecal transplant from obese donors…

Answer 24

become obese while eating less food

Question 25

probiotics vs prebiotics

Answer 25

pro: has microbes pre: has chemicals that induce microbial activity/growth

Question 26

synbiotics

Answer 26

foods or supplements that include both pro and prebiotics