Ch. 13 Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
What does GTPAL stand for?
A
Gravidity Term birth Preterm births Abortions, miscarriages Living children
2
Q
A woman who is pregnant
A
Gravida
3
Q
Pregnancy
A
Gravidity
4
Q
A woman who has never been pregnant and is not currently pregnant
A
Nilligravida
5
Q
A woman who is pregnant for the first time
A
Primigravida
6
Q
A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies
A
Miltigravida
7
Q
The number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses have reached 20 weeks of gestation, not the number of fetuses born
A
Parity
8
Q
A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus beyond 20 weeks
A
Nullipara
9
Q
A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus to 20 weeks gestation
A
Primipara
10
Q
A woman who has completed 2 or more pregnancies to 20 weeks gestation or more
A
Multipara
11
Q
The capacity to live outside the uterus
A
Viability
12
Q
Earliest biomarker of pregnancy
A
hCG
13
Q
Teaching regarding an early pregnancy test?
A
- Follow all instructions on it and don’t omit steps
- Review the manufactures list of foods, meds, and other substances that may affect results
- Use first voided morning urine specimen
- If the test is done at the time of your missed period comes back negative, repeat the test in one week if you still haven’t had a period
- Contact provider for follow up if test is + or if test is - and you stillhavent had a period
14
Q
What sign of pregnancy: amenorrhea
A
Presumptive
15
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Braxton hicks
A
Probable
16
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Ballottement
A
Probable
17
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Fatigue
A
Presumptive
18
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Urinary frequency
A
Presumptive
19
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Fetal heart sounds detected by ultrasound, doppler, or fetoscope
A
Positive
20
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Hegar sign
A
Probable
21
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Quickening
A
Presumptive
22
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Chadwicks sign
A
Probable
23
Q
What sign of pregnancy: Goodell sign
A
Probable
24
Q
What sign of pregnancy: N/V and breast changes
A
Presumptive
25
What sign of pregnancy: Fetal movement palpated to examiner and/or visible to examiner
Positive
26
What sign of pregnancy: Positive preg test
Probable
27
What sign of pregnancy: Visualization of fetus by ultrasound and or radiographic study
Positive
28
What is goodell sign?
Softening of CERVICAL tip in a normal, unscarred cervix
-occuring in 2nd month
29
What is chadwicks sign?
Violet, bluish vaginal mucous membrane and cervix that is visible about 4th week (caused by increased vascularity)
30
What is Hegar's sign?
Softening of the LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT
-May be presented during 2nd-3rd month of preg
31
Rushing or blowing sound of MATERNAL blood flowing through the uterine arteries to the placenta
Uterine souffel or bruit
32
What is a uterine souffel or bruit synchronous with?
Maternal pulse
33
What is synchronous with the FHR?
Funic souffel
34
What is funic souffel caused by?
FETAL blood coursing though umbilical cord
35
Leukorhea mucous fills the endocervical canal, resulting in the mucous plug called ______.
Operculum
36
What does operculum do?
Acts as a barrier against bacterial invasion during pregnancy
37
What is the purpose of the Montgomery tubercles?
They may be seen around the nipples and w/in them are sebaceous and sweat glands that secrete lubricating and anti-infective substances to help protect the moms nipples and areolas during breastfeeding
38
"Liquid gold"
Colostrum
39
If a systolic murmur develops in preg, where would we hear it?
Left sternal border
40
How should we take BP at each visit?
The reading should be obtained in the same arm with woman in seated position with her back and arm supported and her upper arm at level of R. atrium
*positioning should be reordered with the reading
41
How does BP change during pregnancy?
It doesnt or it slightly decreases
42
Why is MAP useful to calculate?
Helps predict gestational hypertensive disorders
43
The increase in plasma is increased in pregnancy, but the increase in the plasma is greater than the production of RBC. What does this mean?
Hemodilution--> Psychologic anemia!!
44
During pregnancy, the woman is in a hyper coagulable state. What does this mean?
At greater risk for thromboembolic disorders
45
What clotting factors increase in pregnancy?
```
VII
VIII
IX
X
Fibronogen
```
46
How do women breathe in prenancy: chest breathing or abdominal?
Chest breathing via diaphragm
47
Why do preg women have nasal/sinus stuffiness, epistaxis, changes in the voice, and marked inflammatory response?
Because the URT is more vascular and the capillaries become engorged, have edema, and hyperemia develops
48
BMR: Does it increase or decrease in pregnancy?
Increase
49
What is the acid-base balance of a preg?
Respiratory alkalosis due to
- Increase TV
- Slight increase in pH
- Decrease in Pco2
- Decrease in HCO3 and bicarb
50
What does urinary stasis lead to?
UTI
51
What can happen when the center of gravity shifts forward?
Lordosis and exaggerated flexion of the head develops to help develop with balance
52
What hormones are responsible for loosening of ligaments of pubic symphysis and sacrioliac joints to facilitate labor and birth?
Relaxin and progesterone
53
What kind of gait to pregs have?
Waddling
54
What does edema in peripheral nerves lead to?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Parathesia
- Pain in hand radiating to elbow
55
What is a red, raised nodule on the gums that bleeds easily?
Epulis
56
Excessive salvation
Pytalism
57
GI effects due to increase in progesterone?
Reflux, slower emptying of stomach, reverse persalsis all leading to indigestion and heart burn
Due to the smooth muscle relaxation and peristalsis there is also increased water absporption causing constipation
58
What hormone: Maintains corpus luteum production of estrogen and progesterone until placenta takes over
hCG
59
What hormone:
- Suppresses secretion of FSH and LH
- Maintains preg by relaxing SM
- Decrease uterine contractility
- Causes fat to deposit in SQ over mom abdomen, back, and thighs
- Decreases mom ability to use insulin
Progesterone
60
What hormone:
- Suppresses secretion of FSH and LH
- Causes fat to deposit in SQ over mom abdomen, back, and thighs
- Promotes enlargement of breasts, genitals, and uterus
- Increases vascularity
- Relaxes pelvic lig and joints
- Interferes with folic acid metabolism
- Increases level of total body proteins
- Promotes retention of Na and H2O
- Decrease secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin
- Decreases mom ability to use insulin
Estrogen
61
What hormone: Prepares the breasts for lactation?
Serum prolactin
62
What hormone?
- Acts as growth hormone
- Contributes to breast development
- Decreases maternal metabolism of glucose
- Increases amount of FA for metabolic needs
Human chorionic somatomammotropin
63
EPT: Anticonvulsants and tranquilizers--can cause false positive or false negatives?
False positives
64
EPT: Diuretics and promethazine--can cause false positive or false negatives?
False negatives
65
Why aren't probable signs of pregnancy enough to be a definitive diagnosis?
These signs can still be caused by something else like pelvic congestion or tumors
66
Changes that make an examine suspect a woman is pregnant
Probable signs
67
Changes felt by the woman that makes her think she is pregnant
Presumptive
68
Signs only explained by pregnancy
Positive signs
69
How many days is pregnancy?
280
70
How many lunar months is pregnancy?
10 lunar months
71
How many calendar months is pregnancy?
A little over 9 calendar months
72
How many weeks is pregnancy?
40 weeks
73
When does the upper uterus become palpable?
When it is above the symphysis pubis something between 12-14 weeks gestation
74
Where is the fundus at approx 20weeks on normal gestation?
Umbilicus and full bodied
75
When does lightening occur?
38-40 weeks
76
When would multipara feel quickening?
14-16 weeks
77
When would nillipara feel quickening?
18th week or later
78
Hormone responsible for milk production?
Prolactin
79
Hormone responsible for milk letdown?
Oxytocin
80
What are the absolutes for preclampsia?
140/90 OR
| Systolic elevated 30 above baseline and diastolic elevated 15 above baseline
81
What are cardinal signs of preeclampsia?
```
Blurred
Edema
Elevated BP
Proteinuria
Headaches or dizziness
```
