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Pathophysiology > Ch. 13 - Integumentary Function (Week 10) > Flashcards

Ch. 13 - Integumentary Function (Week 10) Flashcards

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1
Q

what constitutes the integumentary system?

A

skin, nails, hair, mucous membranes, glands

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2
Q

what is flora?

A

on the skin, mostly bacteria and fungi that create opportunistic infections during a skin injury

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3
Q

describe size of skin

A

15% of body weight

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4
Q

functions of integumentary system:

A

protection, immunity, temperature regulation, water balance

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5
Q

3 levels of skin from top to bottom

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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6
Q

what makes up hypodermis?

A

soft and fatty tissue, BV, nerves, immune cells

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7
Q

T/F: hypodermis is highly innervated

A

true. since it is the lowest layer of the skin, it is the closest to main blood vessels

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8
Q

type of cells that make up epidermis

A

squamous epithelia

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9
Q

what makes up the dermis layer?

A

dense irregular connective tissue, very little fat, nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscle, glands, BV, lymphatic vessels

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10
Q

what layer of skin contains lymphatic vessels?

A

dermis

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11
Q

where do new skin cells come from?

A

begin in the innermost layer and make their way up

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12
Q

how many dead cell sheets make up the outermost layers?

A

often 25

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13
Q

where do keratin and melanin come from?

A

outermost layers of epidermis

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14
Q

function of keratin

A

protein for skin strength

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15
Q

function of melanin

A

skin pigment, protects from UV rays, development of certain optical nerves

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16
Q

what produces sebum

A

sebaceous glands

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17
Q

function of sebum

A

moisturize skin

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18
Q

what gland secrete sweat?

A

eccrine/ merocrine

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19
Q

when does eccrine/merocrine gland produce sweat?

A

in response to sympathetic nervous system

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20
Q

purpose of apocrine gland

A

open into hair follicles in the axillae (armpit), scalp, face, external genitalia

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21
Q

what type of integumentary disorder are birthmarks?

A

congenital

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22
Q

what causes congenital integumentary disorders?

A

errors in fetal development

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23
Q

types of birthmarks

A

vascular and pigmented

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24
Q

describe vascular birthmark

A

caused by blood vessels not formed properly, generally red

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25
types of vascular birthmarks
macular, hemangioma, port-wine stain
26
usual locations of macular birthmarks
head, neck, face
27
what do macular birthmarks look like?
flat, faint red marks (like Mike)
28
T/F: Macular birthmarks will never go away.
false. mostly they will fade before age 2 without treatment, possible to last into adulthood
29
usual locations of hemangiomas
head and neck but can be present on any body part
30
describe appearance of hemangiomas
bright red patch or nodule of extra blood vessels in skin
31
how would deep hemangioma birthmarks appear compared to superficial hemangiomas? why?
deeper ones would have bluish color | -bc they're closer to blood vessels
32
usual location of port-wine stain birthmarks
face, neck, arms, legs
33
describe appearance of port-wine stains
looks like wine was spilled on skin, grow as patient grows, any size
34
describe appearance of port-wine stains if left untreated
darken and thicken over time, cobblestone texture
35
potential treatment options for patient with port-wine stain
laser treatment to lighten marks
36
cause of pigmented birthmarks
cluster of pigment cells
37
what type of birthmark is café au lait spots?
pigmented
38
describe appearance of café au lait spot birthmarks
color of coffee with milk
39
usual locations for café au lait spot birthmarks
anywhere on body
40
when are café au lait spots a concern? | -what might this be a sign of?
when patient has more than one spot thats larger than a quarter -neurofibromatosis
41
types of pigmented birthmarks
café au lait spots, mongolian spots
42
appearance of mongolian spots
flat, bluish-gray patches
43
usual locations for mongolian spots
lower back, butt
44
what individuals are most prone to having mongolian spots
those with darker complexions, asian, indian, black, hispanic, southern european
45
general term for congenital nevi/hairy nevi
mole
46
name of mole thats present @ birth | -does this one go away?
congenital nevus | -present for life
47
what are disorders of melanin?
albinism + vitiligo
48
describe albinism
recessive condition, little/no melanin production
49
result of little/no melanin production
lack of pigment in skin, hair, iris of eye
50
types of albinism + causes | -difference at birth?
type 1: defects affecting melanin production | type 2: defect in P gene, patient has slight coloring at birth
51
what is the most severe form of albinism | -appearance?
oculocutaneous albinism | -white/pink hair, skin, iris color
52
what is ocular albinism type 1?
only affects eyes | -patient has normal skin and eye color but eye exam reveals no color of retina
53
what is hermansky-pudlak syndrome?
form of albinism caused by a single gene, occurs with a bleeding disorder, lung and bowel diseases
54
what are types of albinism that lead to color loss in certain areas? (localized albinism)
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, Waardenburg's syndrome
55
what are some vision problems associated with albinism?
nystagmus (rapid, involuntary back-and-forth eye movement), strabismus (eyes can't look at same point, move together), extreme near/farsightedness, photophobia, astigmatism, functional blindness
56
what is nystagmus?
rapid, involuntary back-and-forth eye movement
57
what is strabismus?
eyes can't focus on same point or move together
58
Patient informs you that they suffer from a stigmatism. What does this mean? common symptom?
abnormal shape of cornea | -blurry vision
59
describe appearance of vitiligo
enlarging white patchy areas of hypopigmentation
60
why does vitiligo occur?
melanin-producing cells die or no longer make it
61
cause of vitiligo | -potential causes
unknown | -pernicious anemia, Additions disease, hypothyroidism
62
usual locations of vitiligo
sun exposed areas, mostly face, hands, feet, arms, lips
63
patterns of vitiligo appearance
local (one or few areas), segmental (one side of body), generalized (widespread, usually symmetrical)
64
location of lentigo/liver spots/age spots
sun exposed areas
65
changes in skin as result of aging
loss of elasticity and strength, less moist, fragile dermis blood vessels, increase of bruising, cherry angiomas,
66
difference in sebum production in men + women
men - minimal decrease after 80 | women - gradual decline after menopause
67
what are skin tags
soft brown or skin colored masses usually on neck
68
causes of skin tags
obesity or diabetes mellitus
69
T/F: Inflammatory Integumentary Disorders are contagious
False
70
T/F: Inflammatory integumentary disorders only occur in isolation.
False. they may occur in conjunction with other conditions
71
what is pruritus?
severe itching
72
what is a vesicle?
blister
73
difference btw contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis
- contact dermatitis: involves immune system | - irritant contact dermatitis: doesn't involve immune system, only inflammatory response
74
when does reaction appear from allergic contact dermatitis?
24-48hrs after exposure
75
what type of reaction is contact dermatitis?
acute inflammatory
76
what type of reaction is atopic eczema?
chronic inflammatory condition
77
Patient comes in with skin discoloration, erythema, pruritus, cracked/scaly skin and red to brownish-gray patches on skin. They test positive in an allergy skin test. Based on this one test, can you rule out atopic eczema?
No. Although atopic eczema is not caused by allergies, patient will test positive during a allergy skin test.
78
complications of atopic eczema
conjunctivitis, skin bacterial infections, neurodermatitis (permanent scaring/discoloration from chronic scratching) eye problems
79
common locations for atopic eczema in children
face, scalp, hands, feet
80
common locations for atopic eczema in older children and adults
knows and elbows
81
Fare skin patient comes in with complaints of photophobia and frequent sunburns but has normal skin tone. You conduct an eye exam and find that they have no coloring of the retina. What is the next step in diagnosis?
lack of coloring in the retina is sign of ocular albinism type 1

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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