Ch 14 Innate Non-Specific Immunity Flashcards
(44 cards)
Barriers in the body include ____________.
- Skin
2. mucous membranes w/goblet cells to trap m/o
Innate immunity components include: ___________.
BTCCCIF
Barriers Toll-like receptors Cells Complement Cytokines Inflammation Fever
What makes good skin physical barriers?
thick epithelial tissue sloughs off dry keratin - tough, dry, water repellant normal flora - no place to colonize
What makes skin a good barrier, chemically speaking?
sweat is salty, antimicrobial w/lysozymes
low pH
oil/lipid not good source of food (hard to break down for m/o)
normal flora
When the body uses innate or non-specific immunity, the response is __________.
the same regardless of the microorganism
What makes mucous membranes good physical barriers?
cilia in respiratory tract moves substances away
flushed w/fluids (saliva)
mucous traps m/o
normal flora competes
What makes mucous membranes a good barrier chemically?
Low pH ie: GI tract
Lysozymes (antimicrobial break down m/o CW)
Lactoferrins bind Iron, which m/o need to live
Normal flora secrete bacteriocides that kill m/o
Peroxidases produce oxygen radicals, which are toxic to anaerobes.
Which bacteria is more susceptible to Lysozymes? Gram + or - ?
Gram + are more susceptible to lysozymes.
What does lactobacillus do to a m/o?
the low pH kills the m/o.
Fungi can catabolize keratin, so where would you expect fungi to grow on the body?
between the fingers, toes and on nails. (Keratin is dry, so it would grow where there is warmth and moisture.)
Which are the most susceptible to peroxidases? Streptococcus or Staphylococcus?
Streptococcus because it does not have Catalase.
What are toll-like receptors?
Toll-like receptors are molecules associated with microbes that our cells can detect.
NOD toll-like receptors are on the ________.
within cells
What do toll-like receptors detect in microbes?
Peptidoglycan, LPS, flagellin, bacterial nucleotide sequences (branding)
In toll-like receptors, the host cells makes a _______ to alert the immune system.
protein molecule
Phagocytic cells of non-specific immunity include _______.
Neutrophils
Monocytes
(in the tissue they are called macrophages)
Cells involved in Inflammation in non-specific immunity include: _______.
Basophils
Eosinophils
dendritic cells
Basophils function is to ______.
Basophils release histamines, which cause inflammation.
Eosinophils function is to _________.
Eosinophils release anti-histimine to put the brakes on inflammation. They increase during an allergic reaction.
The function of dendritic cells during inflammation is to _____.
Dendritic cells are “mild macrophages”. They are Antigen-presenting cells that stimulate specific immunity. Break microbe into chunks. Located in the tissue.
______ are first responders to the site of an infection.
Neutrophils
During an infection, neutrophils do what?
phagocytize, then die. Make pus and numbers increase.
A patient with an increase of neutrophils means what?
Increased neutrophil count means the patient has a bacterial infection.
Monocytes are good phagocytes, but they are not a good _____________.
indicator of infection.
