Ch 15 Specific, acquired, adaptive immunity

Question 1

At the first encounter, specific/acquired immunity will provide a ______ response to a threat.

Answer 1

mild, slow.

Question 2

During the second encounter with a m/o, specific or acquired immunity provides a ______ response.

Answer 2

2nd is quick, enhanced response

~ basis for vaccination

Question 3

Humoral Immunity is also known as ______________.

Answer 3

Antibody Mediated immunity

Question 4

Antibody Mediated immunity’s goal is to eliminate ______.

Answer 4

extracellular pathogens, like m/o and toxins.

Question 5

The cells of Humoral / Antibody Mediated immunity are called ________.

Answer 5

B-lymphocytes

Question 6

B-lymphocytes, the cells of _________ are made in the ______ and mature in the ________.

Answer 6

Humoral or Antibody Mediated immunity;

bone marrow; bone marrow

Question 7

The goal of Cell Mediated Response is to protect against

Answer 7

intracellular pathogens, like
     infected cells
     abnormal cells (cancer, tumor)

Question 8

The cells of Cell Mediated response are called ________.

Answer 8

T-lymphocytes - TH T helper

Tc cytotoxic t-cells

Question 9

T-lymphocytes are made in the ______ and mature in the ______.

Answer 9

bone marrow; thymus

Question 10

Describe the process of Humoral / Antibody Mediated response.

Answer 10

1. B-cell activation
2. B-cell makes a memory cell and a plasma cell.
3. Antibody production
4. Antibodies bind the antigen.

Question 11

Describe the process of Cell Mediated response.

Answer 11

1. T-helper cell activates the T-cell.

2. Memory cells are made.

Question 12

Specific / Acquired / Adaptive Immunity is:

Answer 12

not w/us at birth; a TAILORED response to a threat. It has memory.

Question 13

What is something that both humoral and cell mediated response immunity have?

Answer 13

memory cells

Question 14

The secondary lymphoid organs include:

Answer 14

nodes (lymph)
spleen
tonsils
adenoid
appendix

(places where lymphocytes get together)

Question 15

The primary lymphoid organs include:

Answer 15

bone marrow and thymus

Question 16

define antigen

Answer 16

antigen - a molecule that generates antibody production

(bacteria and viruses carry antigens)

Question 17

Antigens must be

Answer 17

large molecules with variety

(proteins and complex polysaccharides)

Question 18

An epitope is

Answer 18

the place where the antibody binds to the antigen.

Question 19

The best antigens are ______.

Answer 19

proteins

Question 20

Antibodies are ______ in a Y-shape.

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

Variable antibodies are called ____.

Answer 21

FAD

Question 22

Constant antibodies are called ____.

Answer 22

FC

Question 23

Plasma cells secrete ______.

Answer 23

Plasma cells secrete antibodies.

Question 24

The top of the Y antibody is the ______ region.

Answer 24

top = variable region

Question 25

The bottom of the Y antibody is the ______ region.

Answer 25

bottom is the constant region

Question 26

There are how many classes of Antibodies? What determines the class?

Answer 26

5 / constant

Question 27

antibodies are proteins that ____ the antigen so _____ can get rid of it.

Answer 27

tag / immune system

Question 28

What are the outcomes of an antigen being bound by antibodies?

Answer 28

1. Neutralize / immobilize bacteria by binding to the pili or flagella. 2. Agglutination - Ab bind to Ag and clump it to make it bigger and easier to find. Instead of having to run around the whole body to find all the little ones, they can find one big one. 3. Precipitation - clump fluids together into a soluble molecule.

Question 29

List the Protective Outcomes of Ag-Ab binding.

Answer 29

1. Opsonization 2. Complement activation 3. Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCO)

Question 30

What are antibodies good for? (7)

Answer 30

``` neutralize immobilize bacteria precipitate toxins agglutinate opsonization activate complement activate ADCC ```

Question 31

What is the first Ab made during an infection?

Answer 31

IgM

Question 32

chars of IgM

Answer 32

only Ab made by fetuses huge mc's not specific --> not good antibodies pentamer

Question 33

chars of IgG

Answer 33

``` only Ab can cross the placenta most specific Ab or best Ab memory cells make IgG dominant Ab in circulation - 80-85% monomer the Ab of memory!! ```

Question 34

chars of IgA

Answer 34

bound in body secretions, like breast milk, mucous, tears, saliva monomer

Question 35

Ig D chars

Answer 35

bound to B-cells

Question 36

IgE chars

Answer 36

allergic reactions bind to the allergen FC region pops histamine cells, leading to an allergic reaction

Question 37

Clonal selection

Answer 37

only B-cells that can respond to Ag threat will be the ones that are ACTIVATED (have the appropriate receptors). the "chosen cell" replicates itself, then the daughter cells make plasma cells multiplication of specific B-cells that bind to the Ag reqs the presence of Ag or it will stop