ch. 15

Question 1

humanistic psychology

Answer 1

view that humans have an innate drive to grow toward fulfilling their potential in life

Question 2

what is the first step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism

Answer 2

1. validated individuals subjective experiences

Question 3

What is the second step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism

Answer 3

2. shifted focus of psychotherapy to caring about psychological health

Question 4

What is the three step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism

Answer 4

3. emphasized aspects of human beings which distinguish us from other species

Question 5

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

Answer 5

american psychologist who was a founder of humanistic psychology movement

Question 6

what theory did carl rogers propose?

Answer 6

Client-Centered Therapy

Question 7

What did carl rogers write?

Answer 7

Wrote counseling and psychotherapy (1942) & client centered therapy (1951)

Question 8

Client-Centered therapy

Answer 8

non-directive therapy, therapist is non judgemental

Question 9

What is the goal of client centered therapy?

Answer 9

goal is to help client develop self-understanding and self-acceptance

Question 10

What does the therapist do in client centered therapy

Answer 10

therapis practices unconditional positive regard, has empathy has congruence

Question 11

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

Answer 11

american psychologist who proposed a hierarchy of needs model and the concept of self-actualization

Question 12

Who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology?

Answer 12

Abraham Maslow

Question 13

who wrote theory of human motivation (1943)

Answer 13

Abraham Maslow

Question 14

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 14

human behavior in terms of basic needs for survival and growth which are arranged according to their importance for survival and power to motivate an individual

Question 15

self-actualized

Answer 15

individuals are fulfilled comfortable with themselves, productive, accept themselves, see positive potentials in themselves

Question 16

Erik Erickson (1902-1994)

Answer 16

German-American psychologist who maintained that development is a lifelong process

Question 17

Who wrote childhood and society 1950?

Answer 17

Erik Erickson

Question 18

Who proposed there were the eight universal stages during the life span of psychosocial development?

Answer 18

Erik Erickson

Question 19

How many psychosocial Stages of Development are there?

Answer 19

8

Question 20

Which psychosocial stages of development are similar?

Answer 20

Autonomy, guilt, industry

Question 21

Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)

Answer 21

American psychologist who proposed a cognitive theory of moral development

Question 22

What did Kohlberg do for his dissertation?

Answer 22

he employed piagets clinical method, used 80+ boys were presented each with a series of vignettes containing moral dilemmas and asked about the actions

Question 23

What questions did Kohlberg use in his study?

Answer 23

He used probing questions

Question 24

What does Kohlberg theory consists of?

Answer 24

His theory has 3 levels with 2 stages in each level

Question 25

What is the first level of Kohlberg theory?

Answer 25

is known as pre conventional level

Question 26

What is the second level of Kohlberg theory?

Answer 26

The second level is called conventional level, not concerned about yourself, by concerned how others see you

Question 27

What is the third level of Kohlberg theory?

Answer 27

The third level is named the post-conventional level with 2 levels

Question 28

Carol Gilligan (1936- )

Answer 28

American psychologist who challenged Kohlbergs theory of moral development

Question 29

What did Carol Gilligan write?

Answer 29

Wrote in a different voice (1982)

Question 30

What does Gilligan believe?

Answer 30

believes when men and women make real-life moral decisions, they tend to think of impact of their decisions on relationships and the needs of all parties involved

Question 31

positive psychology

Answer 31

scientific study of happiness and the features of a life well lived

Question 32

What term did Maslow coin?

Answer 32

termed positive psychology in 1954

Question 33

Who are the confounders of positive psychology?

Answer 33

Seligman & Csikszentminalyi

Question 34

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934-2021)

Answer 34

Hungarian american psychologist and credited with developing the concept of flow

Question 35

Flow

Answer 35

a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter

Question 36

Martin Seligman (1942- )

Answer 36

american psychologist also noted for his work in avoidance learning

Question 37

Who developed the concept of learned helplessness?

Answer 37

Seligman, helplessness: phenomenon in which an organism fails to escape a painful situation even when it is capable of doing so

Question 38

What are the three directions of research in positive psychology

Answer 38

1. the study of positive emotions 2. the study of positive traits that lead to a happy life 3. positive institutions: how to arrange our social orgs so members experience flow

Question 39

Carol Dweck (1946- )

Answer 39

american psychologist who maintains that peoples attitudes about the nature of intelligence influence the amount of effort they put into difficult tasks

Question 40

Who wrote mindset: the new psychology of success (2006)

Answer 40

Carol Dweck

Question 41

fixed mindset

Answer 41

it is the belief that a persons intelligence is fixed quantity that cannot change

Question 42

Growth mindset

Answer 42

it is the belief that intelligence is a mutable quantity that can increase over time

Question 43

Influencing mindsets

Answer 43

being praised for intelligence or being praised for effort; found out that it was possible to influence a persons mindset about their academic abilities

Question 44

Positive psychologists

Answer 44

use an empirical approach and quantitative methods

Question 45

Humanistic Psychologists

Answer 45

use experimental approach and qualitative methods