CH 15 Flashcards
(71 cards)
1) The word hormone comes from the Greek word meaning what?
set in motion.
2) How are most hormones distributed throughout the body?
blood system.
3) What is the primary purpose of the endocrine system?
maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
4) True or False: Target cells are equipped with specific receptor molecules and may occur in any part of the body.
TRUE
5) True or False: Although hormones are carried to all parts of the body, they produce effects only in cells with proper receptors.
TRUE
6) What is (are) the important feature of all cells that react to a specific hormone?
presence of an appropriate receptor molecule.
7) How are hormones and pheromones different?
pheromones act on targets outside the body.
8) True or False: The reason that some individual hormones have so many different effects is that there are a great many different cells in different tissues that have specific receptors for the hormone.
TRUE
9) Why do steroid hormones not require membrane receptors?
because they are lipid-soluble in the bilayer.
10) How do water-soluble hormones get to and effect cells?
Water-soluble hormones have to be transported by specific protein carrier molecules in the blood, find and react with the surface receptor molecules, sometimes elicit the production of a second messenger.
11) Which gland could be called the ?master gland? because of the extent of its effects on the body?
pituitary
12) What controls the pituitary gland?
hypothalamus.
13) True or False: The hypothalamus and pituitary link the activities of the endocrine system and nervous system by neurohormones being secreted in response to the summation of neural messages that enter the hypothalamus.
TRUE
14) True or False: The posterior pituitary gland only stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
True
15) If you were cast upon a desert island with no fresh water to drink, what hormone would increase in your bloodstream in an effort to conserve water?
antidiuretic hormone
16) What does the antidiuretic hormone do?
controls water balance, controls the concentration of urea in the urine, influences blood pressure, changes the permeability of the urine-conducting tubules so that the interstitial fluid increases.
17) Where does oxytocin have specific effects?
uterine wall.
18) The control over milk ?let down,? labor in childbirth, and water balance, is mediated by the __________ gland.
posterior pituitary
19) Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are products of what kind of cells?
neurosecretory cells.
20) A drop in blood volume would trigger the body to secrete what hormone?
antidiuretic hormones.
21) Where do the anterior pituitary secretions produce their effects?
on the gonads, in the thyroid glands, on adrenal glands, on mammary glands.
22) Where does ACTH have target cells?
in the adrenal cortex.
23) What is the pituitary hormone associated most directly with metabolic rate plus growth and development?
TSH.
24) True or False: The luteinizing hormone stimulates milk production.
FALSE
