CH 15 Endocrine system Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adren/o
A
gland
3
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
4
Q
gonad/o
A
sex gland
5
Q
hormon/o
A
to set in motion
6
Q
pancreat/o
A
sweet bread/pancreas
7
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
8
Q
thyr/o
A
shield, thyroid
9
Q
thyroid/o
A
resembling a shield/thyroid
10
Q
the endocrine system works hand in hand with the ——— to regulate body functions
A
nervous system
11
Q
primary organs of the endocrine system:
A
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
two adrenal glands
pancreatic islets
gonads (testes/ovaries)
12
Q
where is the pituitary gland located?
A
attached to hypothalamus at the base of the brain but is not part of the brain
13
Q
primary role of endocrine system:
A
maintain homeostasis
14
Q
nervous system uses rapid nerve impuleses while endocrine organs do:
A
secrete chemicals called hormones that are carried slowly by the bloodstream
15
Q
abnormally high hormone production
A
hypersecretion
16
Q
abnormally low hormone secretion
A
hyposecretion
17
Q
treatment of endocrine disease is a focused discipline within medicine called:
A
endocrinology
18
Q
endo-
A
within
19
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
20
Q
endocrine system works with nervous system to:
A
regulate body functions
21
Q
most endocrine glands are controlled by:
A
the hypothalamus
22
Q
Endocrine organs are found in the:
A
cranial cavity
neck
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
23
Q
what is referred to as “master gland”
A
pituitary gland
24
Q
function of the pineal gland:
A
tiny gland in brain/primary function is to produce melatonin which helps regulate sleep patterns/may contribute to release of sex hormones by the pituitary gland which regulates reproduction
25
acr/o
extremity
26
primary organs of the endocrine system are:
pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
Thymus gland
parathyroid glands
adrenal glands
pancreatic islets
gonads
27
pituitary gland is located:
attached to hypothalamus at base of brain
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parathyroid glands are located:
embedded in thyroid gland
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adrenal glands located:
above each kidney
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pancreatic islets located:
in pancreas
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gonads located:
female ovaries
male testes
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most endocrine glands are controlled by:
hypothalamus
33
endocrine organs are found in the:
cranial cavity
neck
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
34
tiny gland in brain: primary function is to produce melatonin which helps regulate sleep patterns-may contribute to the release of sex hormones by the pituitary gland which regulates reproduction:
pineal gland
35
“Master gland” pea-sized and gets signals from the hypothalamus. Releases variety of hormones that trigger hormone secretion in other endocrine glands:
pituitary gland
36
front of neck. Releases hormones that affect the body’s metabolic rate, protein synthesis and blood-calcium levels. —— hormones increases the burning of fat & glucose, boosts the heartbeat & raises breathing rate. Has critical role in brain maturation during fetal decelopment:
thyroid gland
37
important in early development/ stimulates production of t-cells that are important to the body’s immune response/after puberty when t cells have reach an adequate number, sex hormones begin to shut down the ——, which continues to lack development through adult life.
thymus gland
38
key to maintaining blood-sugar levels. Secretes glucagon when glucose levels are low, causing the liver to release glucose into bloodstream. When glucose levels are high, —— secretes insulin, which signals the cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream
pancreas
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above kidneys. Produce a variety of hormones including: glucocorticoids (stimulates production of glucose in the liver)/adrenaline (triggers a rapid increase jn breathing and heart rate/androgens (male sex hormones)
adrenal glands
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produce estrogen & progesterone
Affects development if female sex characteristics & reproductive development/important for functioning of uterus & breasts/protects bone health
ovary gonads
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stimulates lining of uterus for fertilization/prepared breasts for milk production
progesterone
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produce hormone testosterone-develops and maintains sexual characteristics and maturation
testis gonads
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like the nervous system the endocrine system keeps the body functioning, despite changing conditions in the environment. The primary role of the endocrine system is to:
manage homeostasis (state of the body’s equilibrium is maintained)
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Endocrine organs secrete chemicals called hormones that are carried by the:
bloodstream
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Many disorders can occur when an endocrine gland does not deliver. The quantity of hormones needed to regulate body functions an endocrine disease includes an array of symptoms and involves multiple organs. This type of disease is known as:
a syndrome
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too much hormones being secreted. Can be caused by inherited disease or tumor (ex tumor on pituitary gland, can cause —— of the growth hormone. If it occurs in childhood is not treated Child could’ve very long arms, legs and abnormally tall)
hypersecretion
47
Low secretion of hormones may be caused by injury to the endocrine gland infection of the endocrine gland, inherited disorder, tumour or lesions. ———-, can destroy the endocrine gland or interfere with it being able to receive signals from another gland.
hyposecretion
48
symptoms of hypothyroidism
hair loss
Inability to think clear
goiter
reduced heart rate
strong fatigue
sensitivity to cold
Dry skin
weight gain
puffiness
memory problems
constipation
irregular menstrual periods
severe pms
depression, mood swings
joint muscle pain
high cholesterol
49
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
hair loss
bulging eyes
goiter
heart palpitations
tremors
heat intolerance
sleep disturbances
weight loss
shortness of breath
diahhrea
increased appetite
irregular menstrual perioda
muscle weakness
sweating
anxiety
depression moodswings
50
similar symptoms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
hair loss
goiter
irregular periods
Depression/moodswings
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treatment of endocrine diseases
endocrinology
52
crin/o
secrete
53
sign of excess acid in the body occurs when carbon dioxide accumulates in tissues and blood to form carbonic acid symptom of diabetes may be caused by respiratory or kidney disorders
acidosis
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solution or substance with pH balance less than 7
acid
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-osis
condition of
56
A metabolic disorder sign of bone structure enlargement in an adult without a gain in height the enlargement causes disfigurement, especially gradually in the hands and face sign of hyper secretion of growth, hormone from the pituitary gland during adulthood
Acromegaly
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acr/o
extremity
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-megaly
abnormally large
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means abnormal protrusion of the eyes classic sign of overactive, thyroid gland, or hyper thyroidism
Exophthalmos
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ex-
outside/away from
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ophthalm/o
eye
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swelling on the anterior side of the neck in the location of the thyroid gland, caused by tumor, lack of iodine in diet and infection, common sign of thyroid gland, disease, derived from the Latin word, gutter, meaning throat
goiter
63
Foods high in iodine include:
organ meats, milk, cheddar cheese, cod, shrimp, tuna, black-eyed peas, lima beans, corn, green peas, baked, turkey breast, explain, yogurt, bananas, strawberries, apple juice, raisin bran, cereal, white bread, fortified iodized salt
64
Excessive stiff or dark body hair in a masculine pattern where women do not normally have hair. Derived from Latin word hirsutism meaning Harry caused by a hyper secretion of androgens, male hormones, primarily testosterone by the adrenal cortex and may lead to muscle and bone growth can also because by medication’s & pregnancy.
hirsutism
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Hirsutism results in a pattern of masculinization, known as adrenal, virilism, excessive adrenal virilism cause virilization. Signs of virilization (development of male characteristics) are:
deepening voice/balding/acne/increased muscle mads/decreased breast size
66
Excessive amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine sign of un manage, diabetes and starvation. Keytone body is a waste substance produced when cells cannot metabolize carbohydrates.
Ketosis
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when ketosis produces an acidic condition of the body
Keto acidosis
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An abnormal state of excessive thirst that happens with certain disorders of the pituitary, gland or pancreas, including diabetes
Polydipsia
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poly-
many/excessive
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-dips
thirst
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-ia
condition of
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Excessive urination symptom of pituitary gland, disease that happens when the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is not produce normally symptom of unmanaged diabetes
Polyuria
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endocrine system works with the nervous system to:
Regulate body functions
74
Endocrine organs are found in the:
cranial cavity-pineal gland/pituitary gland
neck-thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
thoracic cavity-thymus gland
abdominal cavity-pancreas/two adrenal glands/gonads
75
many disorders can occur when an endocrine gland does not deliver the quantity of hormones needed to:
Regulate body functions
76
can destroy the endocrine gland or interfere with it being able to receive signals from another gland:
Hyposecretion
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Hypersecretion means there’s ____ and hyposecretion means there’s——
too much /not enough
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The pituitary gland is not actually part of the brain but attached, and is the master gland that:
Tells the body what to do, and tells other glands to release their hormones
79
The thyroid creates the hormone called thyroxine, which:
Regulates rate of metabolism and plays an important role in growth and development
80
Adrenal glands are responsible for :
adrenaline (fight or fight response) ex: increase heart rate
81
Pancreas releases a hormone :
Insulin which helps regulate blood glucose concentrations 
82
testes produce hormone —— and ovaries produce hormone ——-
testosterone/ estrogen progesterone (puberty/period)
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Difference between the endocrine system, and nervous system:
Nervous system relies on electrical impulses, transported through nerve cells very fast and to one specific area while the endocrine system relies on hormones, transported by blood and the glands and spread more slow/effects last longer and act more generally to entire body
84
The pineal gland is located in the midline of the brain and is responsible for our circadian rhythm produces a hormone through secretary cells called pinealocytes called
melatonin
85
The pineal gland and suprachiasmatic nucleus, work hand-in-hand:
retina knows light is time to wake up sends signal to nucleus and signals pineal gland to reduce melatonin
86
The four parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone, which helps:
Control the distribution of calcium and phosphate in the body
87
Signs and symptoms of a goitre :
cough symptoms of compression, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing change in voice
88
The pancreas has two functions:
endocrine and exocrine. Endocrine produces chemical hormones that regulate blood sugar like insulin glucagon somato Stati or pancreatic polypeptide. Well exocrine is the pancreas produces enzymes that help digest our food.
89
pancreas 3 layers:
head/body/tail
