Ch. 15 - Streptococcus Flashcards
0
Q
Catalase reaction of Streptococcus
A
Catalase negative
1
Q
Gram reaction of Streptococcus
A
Gram positive
2
Q
Test that differentiates Streptococcus and Enterococcus from Staphylococcus
A
Catalase Test
Streptococcus and Enterococcus are Catalase negative
3
Q
Description of colonies of Streptococcus
A
Pinpoint colonies (small & transparent)
4
Q
Type of hemolysis where there is partial lysis and greenish coloration
A
Alpha hemolysis
5
Q
Type of hemolysis where there is complete lysis; there is a clear area
A
Beta hemolysis
6
Q
Type of hemolysis where there is no lysis; there is no change in the agar
A
Nonhemolytic/gamma hemolysis
7
Q
Type of hemolysis where there is a small area of intact RBCs; there is wider zone of complete hemolysis
A
Alpha-prime
8
Q
Lancefield group of Streptococcus pyogenes
A
Lancefield Group A
9
Q
Virulence factor of S. pyogenes; attached to the peptidoglycan of the cell wall; part of antigenic structure of S. pyogenes
A
M protein
10
Q
Substance in S. pyogenes that makes it resistant to phagocytosis; it is used for adherence of the bacterial cell to mucosal cells
A
M protein
11
Q
2 virulence factors of S. pyogenes that mediate adherence to host epithelial cells
A
- Lipoteichoic acid
- Protein F
12
Q
Virulence factor of S. pyogenes that prevents opsonized phagocytosis; masks its antigens to remain unrecognized
A
Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
13
Q
Virulence factor of S. pyogenes that is antigenic
A
Deoxyribonucleases (A, B, C, and D)
14
Q
2 hemolysins produced by S. pyogenes; virulence factors
A
- Streptolysin O
- Streptolysin S
15
Q
Hemolysin of S. pyogenes that is oxygen-labile
A
Streptolysin O
16
Q
Hemolysin of S. pyogenes that is highly immunogenic/antigenic
A
Streptolysin O
17
Q
Antibody that is tested for recent infection of S. pyogenes
A
Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) antigen
18
Q
3 cells lysed by the hemolysins of S. pyogenes
A
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
- platelets
19
Q
Hemolysin of S. pyogenes that is oxygen stable
A
Streptolysin S
20
Q
Hemolysin of S. pyogenes that is non-immunogenic/non-antigenic
A
Streptolysin S
21
Q
3 enzymes that are S. pyogenes virulence factors
A
- Streptokinase
- Hyaluronidase
- Streptodornase
22
Q
Enzyme by S. pyogenes that lyses fibrin clots
A
Streptokinase
23
Q
Enzyme by S. pyogenes that is a spreading factor; contributes to its invasiveness
A
Hyaluronidase
24
Enzyme by S. pyogenes that dissolves purulent or fibrinous secretions
Streptodornase
25
Toxin produced by S. pyogenes
Erythrogenic toxin
26
Disease caused by erythrogenic toxin
Scarlet fever (red spreading rash)
27
3 superantigens of erythrogenic toxin
- SpeA
- SpeB
- SpeC
28
Produced by erythrogenic toxins that are highly mitogenic proteins; they stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation which induces production of IL-1, tumor necrotizing factor and other cytokines
Superantigens (SpeA, SpeB, and SpeC)
29
Infection by S. pyogenes; "Strep throat"; characterized by sore throat, malaise, fever, and headache
Bacterial pharyngitis amd tonsilitis
30
2 methods for diagnosis of S. pyogenes bacterial pharyngitis and tonsilitis
- Throat culture
| - Direct Antigen Detection
31
2 MOTs of S. pyogenes in bacterial pharyngitis and tonsilitis
- droplet
| - close contact
32
Pyodermal infection by S. pyogenes associated with young children (2-5 yrs old); affects exposed areas of skin; inoculation through minor abrasions or insect bites
Impetigo
33
Pyodermal infection by S. pyogenes in elderly patients; acute spreading skin lesion; erythematous with plain demarcation but irregular edge
Erysipelas
34
Pyodermal infection by S. pyogenes with deeper invasion; may be life threatening; with bacteremia or sepsis; patients with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes may have gangrene
Cellulitis
35
2 tests for diagnosis of Scarlet fever
- Dick's test
| - Schultz-Charlton Reaction
36
Susceptibility test for scarlet fever; erythrogenic toxin is injected; positive when there is redness or swelling
Dick's test
37
Diagnostic test for scarlet fever; used to differentiate scarlet fever from measles; antierythrogenic toxin is injected; rash will blanch then fade
Schultz-Charlton Reaction
38
Substance that is injected in Dick's Test
Erythrogenic toxin
39
Substance that is injected in Schultz-Charlton Reaction
Antierythrogenic toxin
40
"Flesh-eating" disease by S. pyogenes; rapidly progressing inflammation of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia; life threatening; occurs when one has suffered trauma to the skin (portal of entry)
Necrotizing fasciitis
41
Disease by S. pyogenes that causes an entire organ to shut down leading to death
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
42
2 conditions under Post-Streptococcal Sequelae caused by S. pyogenes
- Rheumatic fever
| - Acute glomerulonephritis
43
Post-streptococcal sequelae characterized by fever and inflammation of the heart, joints, blood vessels and subcutaneous tissue; associated with Class I M protein
Rheumatic fever
44
Post-Streptococcal Sequelae characterized by damage to the glomeruli and impairment of kidney function; associated with Class I & II M protein
Acute glomerulonephritis
45
2 drugs for the treatment of post-streptococcal sequelae
- Penicillin
| - Erythromycin (for patients allergic to penicillin)
46
M protein associated with Rheumatic fever
Class I M protein
47
M protein associated with acute glomerulonephritis
Class I & II M protein
48
Specimen for S. pyogenes laboratory diagnosis
Swab over the posterior pharynx
49
Plate used for isolation of S. pyogenes
SBA plate containing SXT
50
Antibiotic in SBA plates
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SXT)
51
2 key tests in laboratory diagnosis of S. pyogenes infections
- Bacitracin susceptibility
| - PYR hydrolysis
52
Lancefueld group of Streptococcus agalactiae
Lancefield group B
53
Test used to detect capsular polysaccharide serotypes of S. agalactiae
Precipitin test
54
2 virulence factors of S. agalactiae
- capsule
| - sialic acid
55
Virulence factor of S. agalactiae that prevents phagocytosis; ineffective after opsonisation
Capsule
56
Virulence factor of S. agalactiae which is a critical virulence determinant; most significant component of the capsule
Sialic acid
57
Streptococcus spp. that causes neonatal sepsis
S. agalactiae
58
Disease caused by S. agalactiae
Neonatal sepsis
59
2 type of neonatal sepsis
- early-onset infection (less than 7 days old)
| - late-onset infection (at least 7 days old)
60
Type of neonatal sepsis; vertical transmission from the mother; pneumonia/meningitis with bacteremia; presence of group B streptococci in the vagina of the mother
Early-onset infection
61
Type of neonatal sepsis; meningitis; uncommonly associated with obstetric complications
Late-onset infection
62
Treatment for S. agalactiae infections
Ampicillin + aminoglycoside
63
Colony description of S. pyogenes
Small, transparent and smooth with a well-defined area of ß-hemolysis
64
Plate used for the growth of S. agalactiae
SBA
65
Colony description of S. agalactiae
Grayish-white, mucoid, surrounded by a small zone of ß-hemolysis
66
2 useful tests for laboratory diagnosis of S. agalactiae
- Hippurate hydrolysis
| - CAMP test
67
Streptococcus spp. that has C substance
Streptococcus pneumoniae
68
Virulence factor of S. pneumoaniae
Cbpsular polysaccharide
69
Type of pneumonia caused by alcoholism, anesthesia, malnutrition and viral infections
Lobar pneumonia
70
2 vaccinations for S. pneumoniae infections
- PCV7 (children)
| - PS23 (adults)
71
2 drugs for the treatment of S. pneumoniae infections
- erythromycin
| - chloramphenicol
72
Colony description of S. pneumoniae young cultures
Round, glistening, wet, mucoid, dome-shaped appearance
73
Colony description of S. pneumoniae old cultures
Collapse of colony's center; appearance of a coin with a raised rim
74
2 tests used to differentiate S. pneumoniae from Viridans streptococci
- optochin susceptibility
| - bile solubility
75
Hemolytic pattern of Viridans streptococci
Alpha hemolytic
76
5 groups under Viridans Streptococci
- S. bovis
- S. anginosus
- S. mitis
- S. mutans
- S. salivarius
77
2 divisions of the Group D streptococci (Bile esculin positive)
- Enterococcal
| - Nonenterococcal
78
Group D streptococci division found in the intestinal tract; has the ability to grow in 6.5% NaCl
Enterococcal
79
Group D streptococci division that will not grow in a nutrient broth with 6.5% NaCl
Nonenterococcal
80
2 infections caused by S. mutans
- gingivitis
| - dental carries
81
Disease caused by S. mitis
Bacterial endocarditis in native valves
82
Viridans streptococci associated with gingivitis and dental carries
S. mutans
83
Viridans streptococci associated with bacterimic patients with the tendency to form abscesses
S. anginosus
84
Viridans streptococci associated with bacterial endocarditis in native valves
S. mitis
85
Viridans streptococci associated with blood cultures of patients wi bacteremia, septicemia and endocarditis
S. bovis
86
Viridans streptococci associated with abscesses bactermia
S. constellatus
87
4 virulence factors for Viridans streptococci
- polysaccharide capsule
- cytolysin
- extracellular dextran
- cell surface-associated proteins
88
PYR reaction of Viridans streptococci
PYR negative
89
LAP reaction of Viridans streptococci
LAP positive
90
Colony description of Viridans streptococci
Small, surrounded by a zone of alpha hemolysis; some are beta or nonhemolytic
91
Viridans streptococci spp. with sweet odor of honeysuckle or butterscotch when growing in pure culture or high concentation
S. anginosus
92
4 classifications of Streptococci based on physiologic characteristics
- pyogenic
- viridans
- lactic acid
- enterococci
93
Physiologic characteristic of Streptococci; pus producing, ß hemolytic, Lancefield grouping
Pyogenic
94
Physiologic characteristic of Streptococci; alpha or nonhemolytic, opportunistic pathogens, not part of Lancefield grouping, normal flora in the upper respiratory tract
Viridans
95
Physiologic characteristic of Streptococci; nonhemolytic, in dairy products, Lancefield group N
Lactic Acid
96
Physiologic characteristic of Streptococci; flora of the intestine, resistant to Vancomycin
Enterococci
97
Classification of Streptococci based on extraction of C-carbohydrate
Lancefield Classification Scheme
98
Test used to identify Group A Streptococci in throat cultures
Bacitracin Susceptibility (susceptible)
99
Streptococci group that is susceptible to Bacitracin and resistant to SXT
Group A Streptococci
100
Streptococci group that is resistant to Bacitracin and SXT
Group B streptococci
101
Test used to identify Group B streptococci
CAMP test (Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen)
102
Used to differentiate Group B and ß-hemolytic streptococci
Hippurate Hydrolysis
103
Organism which is positive in Hippurate Hydrolysis
Group B: S. agalactiae (purple color)
104
Test used to differentiate Enterococcus from non-enterococcus
PYR Test
105
Organism that is positive for PYR test
Enterococcus
106
Tgst used to differentiate Aerococcus and Leuconostoc from other gram positive cocci
Leucine Aminopeptidase Test (LAP)
107
2 organisms that are LAP negative
- Aerococcus
| - Leuconostoc
108
Test that detects acetoin production from glucose
Voges-Poskauer Test
109
Organism that is bile soluble
S. pneumoniae
110
2 strep-like organisms; grows as satellite colonies around other bacteria; has cysteine or pyridoxal (Vit B6); requires thiol- or pyridoxal for growth; nutritionally-variant strep
S. adjacens
| S. defectivus
111
2 strep-like organisms; causes endocarditis, bacteremia, and otitis media
- S. adjacens
| - S. defectivus
112
Bile esculin reaction of S. adjacens and S. defectivus
Bile esculin negative
113
PYR reaction of S. adjacens and S. defectivus
PYR positive
114
Strep-like organism; airborne; occurs as tetrads in broth media; grows in the presence of 6.5% NaCl; alpha hemolytic; LAP negative
Aerococcus
115
Aerococcus spp. that is bile esculin and PYR positive
A. viridians
116
Aerococcus spp. that is bile esculin and PYR negative
A. urinae
117
Strep-like organism that is similar to Viridans strep in colony morphology and habitat; involved with endocarditis, wounds and abscesses
Gemella
118
Strep-like organism found on plant surfaces, vegetables and milk products; grows in 6.5% NaCl; hydrolyzes esculin; associated with meningitis, bacteremia, UTI and pulmonary infection; PYR and LAP negative
Leuconostoc
119
Strep-like organism; in tetrads; bile esculin and LAP positive; PYR negative; grows at 42 degrees Celsius
Pediococcus
120
Organisms that are PYR negative
Group D (E. faecalis, E. faecium, S. bovis)
121
Organisms that are Bile esculin negative
- Nonhemolytic streptococcus
- ß-hemolytic strep (not Group A, B or D)
- Viridans strep
122
Lancefield group of Enterococcus
Lancefield group D
123
Quorum-sensing mechanism of Enterococcus
Cytolysin
124
2 culture media for Enterococcus
- Trypticase soy
- Brain-heart infusion agar
Supplemented by 5% sheep blood
125
Enterococcus sp. that grows in thesence of tellurite
Enterococcus faecalis
