Ch. 20 - Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards
(130 cards)
0
Q
Cytochrome oxidase reaction of enterics
A
Cytochrome oxidase negative
1
Q
Carbohydrate fermented by all enterics
A
Glucose
2
Q
Enterics that do not reduce nitrates to nitrites
A
- Erwinia
- Pantoea agglomerans
3
Q
Non-motile enterics
A
- Shigella
- Klebsiella
4
Q
Structure that enables enterics to be motile
A
Pili (fimbriae)
5
Q
Gram reaction of enterics
A
Gram negative
6
Q
Oyxygen requirements of enterics
A
Facultatively anaerobic
7
Q
Culture media used for presumptive identification of enterics
A
- MAC
- HEA
- XLD
8
Q
Rapid fermenting enterics
A
- Klebsiella
- Escherichia
- Enterobacter
9
Q
Late fermenting enterics
A
- Citrobacter
- Hafnia
- Pantoea
- Serratia
10
Q
Non-fermenting enterics
A
- Proteus
- Edwardsiella
- Morganella
- Providencia
- Yersinia
- Salmonella
- Shigella
11
Q
Heat-stable antigen; located on the cell wall; made up of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
A
O antigen/somatic antigen
12
Q
Heat-labile antigen on the surface of flagella; structures responsible for motility; made up of proteins
A
H antigen/flagellar antigen
13
Q
Heat-labile antigen; found in capsular polysaccharide; covers the O antigen
A
K antigen/capsular antigen/envelope antigen
14
Q
Place where O/somatic antigen is found
A
Cell wall
15
Q
Substance that makes up O/somatic antigen
A
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
16
Q
Place where H/flagellar antigen is found
A
Surface of flagella
17
Q
Substance that makes up H/flagellar antigen
A
Proteins
18
Q
Place where K antigen is found
A
Capsular polysaccharide
19
Q
Heat-stable antigen
A
O/somatic antigen
20
Q
2 heat-labile antigens
A
- H/flagellar antigen
- K/capsular/envelope antigen
21
Q
Organ where E. coli is commonly isolated from
A
Colon
22
Q
Antigens of E. coli used for the identification of strains associated with serious enteric disease
A
O and H antigens
23
Q
Antigen of E. coli that masks O antigen during bacterial agglutination by specific antiserum
A
K antigen
24
Carbohydrates fermented by E. coli
- glucose
- lactose
- trehalose
- xylose
25
IMViC results for E. coli
I: +
M: +
V: -
C: -
26
Most common cause of UTIs in humans
Uropathogenic E. coli
27
Virulence factors for uropathogenic E. coli
- pili
- cytolysins
- aerobactin
28
Virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli which allows adherence to epithelial cells
Pili
29
Virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli that kills immune effector cells and inhibits phagocytosis and chemotaxis of certain WBCs
Cytolysins
30
Virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli that allows the bacterial cell to chelate iron
Aerobactin
31
E. coli that causes diarrhea of infants and adults in tropical and subtropical climates
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
32
Common names of the disease caused by ETEC
- Traveler's diarrhea
- Montezuma's Revenge
- Turista
33
2 types of toxins produced by ETEC
- heat-labile toxin (LT)
| - heat-stable toxin (ST)
34
Fragment of heat-labile toxin of ETEC that activates adenylate cylase; causes hypersecretion of electrolytes and fluid (watery diarrhea); ATP to cAMP
A (active)
35
Fragment of heat-labile toxin of ETEC that confers specificity; provides entry for the A portion
B
36
Toxin by ETEC that stimulates guanylate cylase which causes increased production of cGMP
Heat-stable toxin (ST)
37
The only E. coli strain that grows in blood agar
ETEC
38
E. coli strain with the same toxins with Vibrio cholerae
ETEC
39
E. coli strain that is Shigella-like
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
40
Test previously used to determine virulence of Shigellae and EIEC
Sereny Test
41
Test used to detect the invasiveness of EIEC
Monolayer cell cultures with human epithelial-2 cells (Hep-2)
42
E. coli strain that causes the stool to have large amounts of mucus but no blood
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
43
E. coli strain that is noninvasive and does not produce toxins
EPEC
44
Test used yo identify EPEC
Serologic typing with pooled antisera
45
Other name of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
E. coli 0157:H7
46
Former name of EHEC
Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC)
47
2 cytotoxins produced by EHEC
- verotoxin I
| - verotoxin II
48
Cytotoxin by EHEC that is phage-encoded identical yo Shiga toxin (Stx); damages Vero cells; neutralized by the antibody against Stx
Verotoxin I
49
Cytotoxin by EHEC; biologically similar but immunologically different from Stx; AKA Shiga toxigenic E. coli
Verotoxin II
50
Appearance of EHEC from stool culture in SMAC
Colorless
51
Culture medium used to identify EHEC
SMAC (MAC agar containing sorbitol)
52
2 types of Enteroadherent E. coli
- diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC)
| - enteroaggregative (EAEC)
53
E. coli strain associated with both UTI(chronic or reccuring) and diarrheal disease; causes cystitis in children and acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women
Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC)
54
Disease caused by DAEC in children
Cystitis
55
Disease caused by DAEC in pregnant women
Acute pyelonephritis
56
E. coli strain that packs in an aggregative "stacked brick" pattern; causes diarrhea by adhering to the surface of the intestinal mucosa (Hep2 cells)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
57
Escherichia sp. isolated from CSF, wounds and blood; yellow-pigmented
E. hermannii
58
Escherichia sp. isolated from humans with infected wounds; yellow-pigmented colonies
E. vulneris
59
Escherichia sp. associated with diarrheal disease in children
E. albertii
60
6 genus under Tribe Klebsiella
- Klebsiella
- Cronobacter
- Hafnia
- Enterobacter
- Pantoea
- Serratia
61
MRVP reaction of Tribe Klebsiella
MR (-) and VP (+)
62
Most commonly isolated Klebsiella sp.
K. pneumoniae
63
Substance that makes up the capsule of K. pneumoniae
Polysaccharide
64
Organism that frequently causes lower respiratory tract infections among hospitalized patients and immunocompromised hosts
K. pneumoniae
65
Klebsiella sp. that is identical to K. pneumoniae; indol (+) and ornithine (+); from blood and stool cultures
K. oxytoca
66
Klebsiella sp. responsible for atrophy of the nasal mucous membranes with fetid odor; isolated from blood and stool cultures
K. ozanae
67
Klebsiella sp. that causes Rhinoscleroma; causes destructive granuloma of the nose and pharynx
K. rhinoscleromatis
68
Infection of the nasal cavity that manifests as an intense swelling and malformation of the entire face and neck
Rhinoscleroma
69
2 Klebsiella sp. isolated from urine, blood and the respiratory tract
- K. ornithinolytica
| - K. planticola
70
2 culture media for the growth of Tribe Klebsiella
- Simmons citrate agar
| - potassium cyanide broth
71
Enterobacter sp. that is the predominant isolate; causes UTI and wound infections
E. cloacae
72
Enterobacter sp. that resembles E. aerogenes; has strong urease activity
E. gergoviae
73
Enterobacter sp. that causes endocarditis and meningitis
E. aerogenes
74
Enterobacter sp. that resembles E. cloacae; yellow-pigmented; associated with neonatal sepsis
E. sakazakii
75
Enterobacter sp. that causes osteomyelitis following traumatic wounds; lactose negative; ONPG positive
E. taylorae (E. cancerogenus)
76
Organism from Tribe Klebsiella that is associated with contaminated IV fluids; yellow-pigmented; negative to ADH, LDH and ODC
Pantoea agglomerans
77
Serratia sp. that causes pneumonia and septicemia; clinically significant
S. marcescens
78
Serratia sp. that ferments arabinose
S. liquefaciens
79
Serratia sp. that has rancid or potato-like odor; ferments sucrose, raffinose and ornithine
S. odorifera
80
Part of Tribe Klebsiellae that is not known to cause gastroenteritis but occasionally isolated from stool cultures
Hafnia
81
Hafnia sp. that is negative to lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, citrate, DNAse, and lipase
H. alvei
82
Hafnia sp. that grows in beer wort of breweries; not isolated clinically
H. alvei biotype 1
83
3 genera under Tribe Proteeae
- Proteus
- Providencia
- Morganella
84
MRVP reaction of Tribe Proteeae
MR (+) and VP (-)
85
Urease activity of Proteus
Rapid
86
Genera in Tribe Proteeae that causes acute glomerulonephritis
Proteus
87
2 Proteus sp. with 'swarming' motility in BA
- P. mirabilis
| - P. vulgaris
88
Distinct odor of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris
Burnt chocolate
89
2 Proteus sp. that are H2S+
- P. vulgaris
| - P. mirabilis
90
Indole and ornithine reactions of P. mirabilis
Negative indole, positive ornithine
91
Indole and ornithine reactions of P. vulgaris
Positive indole, negative ornithine
92
Proteus sp. isolated from patients with diarrhea
P. penneri
93
Proteus sp. isolated from gypsy moths; characterized by large amounts of slime it produces
P. myxofasciens
94
Morganella sp. documented to cause UTI but has not been isolated
M. morganii
95
Providencia sp. associated with UTI and occasional nosocomial outbreaks
P. rettgeri
96
Providencia sp. associated with nosocomial outbreaks in burn units; isolated from urine cultures
P. stuartii
97
Edwardsiella sp. that is a human pathogen; source of GI infection, wound infections and abscesses; biochemically similar to E. coli; does not grow in Simmons citrate
E. tarda
98
Edwardiella sp. that is isolate from snakes, birds and water
E. hoshinae
99
Edwardsiella sp. that causes enteric septicemia in fish
E. ictaluri
100
Medium where all Citrobacter sp. will grow
Simmons Citrate agar
101
Citrobacter sp. that can be isolated in diarrheal stool cultures; extraintestinal pathogen; associated with endocarditis in IV drug abusers
C. freundii
102
Citrobacter sp. that is responsible for nursery outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and brain abscesses
C. diversus (C. koseri)
103
Colony description of Salmonella
Metallic colonies with black ring (BSA and BGA)
104
What substance inhibits the growth of Salmonella sp. in media?
Potassium cyanide
105
3 antigenic structures of Salmonella spp.
- Somatic O antigens (Groups A, B, C, and D)
- Flagellar H antigen (1, 2, 3, and 4)
- Vi antigen
106
Phase of Flagellar H antigen of Salmonella spp.; occurs only in small number of serotypes; antigens agglutinate only with homologous antisera; specific phase
Phase 1
107
Phase of Flagellar H antigen of Salmonella spp.; occurs among several strains; reacts with heterologous antisera; non-specific phase
Phase 2
108
Antigenic structure of Salmonella; surface polysaccharide capsular antigen; prevents phagocytosis; often blocks O antigen during serologic typing; can be removed by heating
Vi antigen
109
Salmonella sp. that causes enteric fever: typhoid and paratyphoid
S. typhi
110
Salmonella sp. that causes septicemia
S. choleraesuis
111
Salmonella spp. that causes gastroenteritis
- S. typhimurium
| - S. enteritidis
112
An agglutination test for the presence of antibodies against Salmonella organisms that cause typhoid fever
Widal Test
113
Antigen in Widal test that signifies active infection of Salmonella spp.
O antigen
114
Antigen in Widal test that signifies past immunization or infection
H antigen
115
Antigen in Widal test that signifies of being a carrier
Vi antigen
116
Test for Salmonella spp. endotoxins; amebocytes of horse crab (visible gel)
Limulus Test
117
Test for Salmonella spp. enterotoxins; ballooning of the intestinal tract (accumulation of fluid)
Ileal Loop Test
118
Bacillary dysentry caused by Shigella spp.; bloody, mucoid diarrheic stool with pus cells and fishy odor
Shigellosis
119
Shigella sp. that is most prevalent in the US; releases beurotoxin and enteroxin
S. dysenteriae
120
2 toxins produced by S. dysenteriae
- beurotoxin
| - enterotoxin
121
Yersinia sp. that caused the Black Death
Yersinia pestis
122
2 stains used fot Y. pestis; bipolar staining (intense staining)
- methylene blue
| - Wayson stain
123
Appearance of Y. pestis after staining with Wayson stain or methylene blue
Safety-pin appearance
124
Yersinia sp. with stalactite patterns
Y. pestis
125
3 forms of Y. pestis
- bubonic/glandular
- septicemic
- pneumonic
126
Yersinia sp. associated with enterocolitis; ingestion of contaminated water, pork, beef or milk products; fecal-oral transmission
Y. enterocolitica
127
Colony appearance of Y. enterocolitica
Red "bull's-eye" colonies with colorless halo (CIN medium)
128
Yersinia sp. that causes lymphadenitis in children
Y. psedotuberculosis
129
Yersinia sp. that spreads to mesenteric lymph nodes when ingested; caseuos swelling
Y. pseudotuberculosis
